Poor Glycemic Control Is an Independent Risk Factor for Low HDL Cholesterol in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
- Alessandra Gatti, MD1,
- Marianna Maranghi, MD1,
- Simonetta Bacci, MD2,
- Claudio Carallo, MD3,
- Agostino Gnasso, MD3,
- Elisabetta Mandosi, MD1,
- Mara Fallarino, MD1,
- Susanna Morano, MD1,
- Vincenzo Trischitta, MD4,5,6 and
- Sebastiano Filetti, MD1
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy;
- 2Unit of Endocrinology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
- 3Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy;
- 4Department of Medical Pathophysiology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy;
- 5Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
- 6IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo e Istituto CSS-Mendel, Rome, Italy.
- Corresponding author: Sebastiano Filetti, sebastiano.filetti{at}uniroma1.it.
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A.Ga. and M.M. contributed equally to this study.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the association observed between poor glycemic control and low HDL cholesterol in type 2 diabetes is dependent on obesity and/or hypertriglyceridemia.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of 1,819 patients with type 2 diabetes and triglycerides <400 mg/dl enrolled at three diabetes centers in Italy. The risk for low HDL cholesterol was analyzed as a function of A1C levels. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated after adjustment for confounding factors.
RESULTS A 1% increase in A1C significantly increased the risk for low HDL cholesterol (OR 1.17 [95% CI 1.1–1.2], P = 0.00072); no changes were observed when age, sex, smoking, and lipid-lowering therapy were included in the model (1.17 [1.1–1.2], P = 0.00044). The association remained strong after adjustments for obesity and hypertriglyceridemia in multivariate analysis (1.12 [1.05–1.18], P = 0.00017).
CONCLUSIONS Poor glycemic control appears to be an independent risk factor for low HDL cholesterol in type 2 diabetes.
Footnotes
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Additional information for this article can be found in an online appendix at http://care.diabetesjournals.org.
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The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
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- Received February 10, 2009.
- Accepted May 9, 2009.
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Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ for details.
- © 2009 by the American Diabetes Association.
