Effects of a Protein Preload on Gastric Emptying, Glycemia, and Gut Hormones After a Carbohydrate Meal in Diet-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes

  1. Jing Ma, MBBS1,2,
  2. Julie E. Stevens, BPHARM, BSC1,2,
  3. Kimberly Cukier, MBBS3,
  4. Anne F. Maddox, ASS DIP RAD TECH1,2,
  5. Judith M. Wishart, BSC1,2,
  6. Karen L. Jones, PHD1,2,
  7. Peter M. Clifton, MBBS, PHD3,4,
  8. Michael Horowitz, MBBS, PHD1,2,3 and
  9. Christopher K. Rayner, MBBS, PHD1,2
  1. 1Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia;
  2. 2Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Nutritional Physiology, Interventions and Outcomes, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia;
  3. 3Endocrine & Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia;
  4. 4Human Nutrition, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Adelaide, Australia.
  1. Corresponding author: Christopher K. Rayner, chris.rayner{at}adelaide.edu.au.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE We evaluated whether a whey preload could slow gastric emptying, stimulate incretin hormones, and attenuate postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eight type 2 diabetic patients ingested 350 ml beef soup 30 min before a potato meal; 55 g whey was added to either the soup (whey preload) or potato (whey in meal) or no whey was given.

RESULTS Gastric emptying was slowest after the whey preload (P < 0.0005). The incremental area under the blood glucose curve was less after the whey preload and whey in meal than after no whey (P < 0.005). Plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, insulin, and cholecystokinin concentrations were higher on both whey days than after no whey, whereas glucagon-like peptide 1 was greatest after the whey preload (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS Whey protein consumed before a carbohydrate meal can stimulate insulin and incretin hormone secretion and slow gastric emptying, leading to marked reduction in postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetes.

Footnotes

  • The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

    • Received April 15, 2009.
    • Accepted June 4, 2009.
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  1. Published online before print June 18, 2009, doi: 10.2337/dc09-0723 Diabetes Care September 2009 vol. 32 no. 9 1600-1602
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