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Breast-Feeding Modulates the Influence of the Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-γ (PPARG2) Pro12Ala Polymorphism on Adiposity in Adolescents

The Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) cross-sectional study

  1. Caroline Verier, MD1,
  2. Aline Meirhaeghe, PHD2,
  3. Szilvia Bokor, MD, PHD2,
  4. Christina Breidenassel, PHD3,
  5. Yannis Manios, PHD4,
  6. Dénes Molnár, MD, PHD5,
  7. Enrique G. Artero, PHD6,
  8. Esther Nova, PHD7,
  9. Stefaan De Henauw, MD, PHD8,
  10. Luis A. Moreno, MD, PHD9,
  11. Philippe Amouyel, MD, PHD1,
  12. Idoia Labayen, PHD10,
  13. Noemi Bevilacqua, MD11,
  14. Dominique Turck, MD1,
  15. Laurent Béghin, PHD1,12,
  16. Jean Dallongeville, MD, PHD2,
  17. Frédéric Gottrand, MD, PHD1 and
  18. on behalf of the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) Study Group*
  1. 1INSERM, U995, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 114, Faculté de Médecine, Université Droit et Santé de Lille, Lille, France;
  2. 2INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University Lille Nord de France, Université Droit et Santé de Lille, Lille, France;
  3. 3Institut für Ernährungs-und Lebensmittelwissenschaften, Humanernährung, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany;
  4. 4Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece;
  5. 5Department of Paediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary;
  6. 6Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Group EFFECTS 262, Granada, Spain;
  7. 7Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Instituto Frío-ICTAN, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain;
  8. 8Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium;
  9. 9GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Escuela Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain;
  10. 10Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain;
  11. 11National Research Institute for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy;
  12. 12Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC-9301, Centre Hospitalier & Universitaire de Lille, France.
  1. Corresponding author: Aline Meirhaeghe, aline.meirhaeghe-hurez{at}pasteur-lille.fr.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE The peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ2 (PPARG2) Pro12Ala polymorphism has been associated with a higher BMI and a lower risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood. The association between adiposity and PPARG variants can be influenced by environmental factors such as early growth, dietary fat, and (as recently shown) breast-feeding. The objectives of this study were to assess 1) the influence of the PPARG2 Pro12Ala polymorphism on adiposity markers in adolescents and 2) a possible modulating effect of breast-feeding on these associations.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data on breast-feeding duration, BMI, and genotypes for the Pro12Ala polymorphism were available for 945 adolescents (mean age 14.7 years). The breast-feeding duration was obtained from parental records. We measured weight, height, waist circumference, and six skinfold thicknesses.

RESULTS No significant associations between the Pro12Ala polymorphism and any of the above-mentioned anthropometric parameters were found. There were significant interactions between the PPARG2 Pro12Ala polymorphism and breast-feeding with regard to adiposity measurements (all adjusted P < 0.05). Indeed, in children who had not been breast-fed, Ala12 allele carriers had higher adiposity parameters (e.g., Δ BMI +1.88 kg/m2, adjusted for age, sex, and center, P = 0.007) than Pro12Pro adolescents. In contrast, in breast-fed subjects, there was no significant difference between Ala12 allele carriers and Pro12Pro children in terms of adiposity measurements, whatever the duration of breast-feeding.

CONCLUSIONS Breast-feeding appears to counter the deleterious effect of the PPARG2 Pro12Ala polymorphism on anthropometric parameters in adolescents.

Footnotes

  • ↵*A complete list of the members of the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) Study Group is available in an online appendix at http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/full/dc09-1459/DC1.

  • The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

    • Received August 6, 2009.
    • Accepted October 12, 2009.
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This Article

  1. Published online before print October 21, 2009, doi: 10.2337/dc09-1459 Diabetes Care January 2010 vol. 33 no. 1 190-196
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