Minimal Contribution of Fasting Hyperglycemia to the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Subjects With Normal 2-h Plasma Glucose
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Figures
- Figure 1
Seven- to 8-year incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in subjects with normal fasting glucose (FPG <100 mg/dl) and impaired fasting glucose (FPG 100–125 mg/dl). Subjects were divided into six groups according to fixed intervals of 1-h plasma glucose concentration as follows: <100, 100–125, 125–150, 150–175, 175–200, and >200 mg/dl. The mean 1-h plasma glucose concentration (n) in subjects with FPG <100 mg/dl was 85 (652), 113 (732), 139 (634), 165 (206), and 192 (187) mg/dl and in subjects with FPG >110 mg/dl was 91 (104), 114 (224), 140 (333), 165 (158), 193 (169), and 241 (51) mg/dl, respectively. None of the subjects with FPG <100 mg/dl had a 1-h plasma glucose concentration >200 mg/dl.
Tables
- Table 1
Baseline patient characteristics in the SAHS and Botnia Study
SAHS Botnia Study P n 1,390 2,060 <0.0001 Age (years) 43 ± 03 45 ± 0.3 <0.0001 Sex (% male) 56 52.9 <0.0001 BMI 27.3 ± 0.2 25.5 ± 0.1 <0.0001 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 117 ± 0.4 126 ± 0.4 <0.0001 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) 71 ± 0.3 94 ± 0.2 <0.0001 FPG (mg/dl) 85 ± 0.3 99 ± 0.2 <0.0001 1-h plasma glucose (mg/dl) 125 ± 1 133 ± 0.5 <0.0001 2-h plasma glucose (mg/dl) 96 ± 0.6 104 ± 0.5 <0.0001 HDL (mg/dl) 47 ± 0.4 54 ± 0.6 <0.0001 Triglycerides (mg/dl) 132 ± 2 108 ± 2 <0.0001 Type 2 diabetes incidence (%) 6.33 3.64 <0.0001 - Table 2
Multivariate logistic model for the future risk of type 2 diabetes as the dependent variable and FPG, age, sex, BMI, ethnicity, family history for type 2 diabetes, blood pressure, and HDL cholesterol as the independent variables (model 1)
SAHS Botnia Study OR (95%CI) P OR (95% CI) P Model 1 Age 1.03 (1.004–1.05) 0.01 1.04 (1.02–1.06) 0.001 BMI 1.1 (1.06–1.14) <0.0001 1.1 (1.04–1.18) 0.002 Ethnicity 0.53 (0.3–0.93 0.02 NA Systolic blood pressure 1.01 (0.997–1.03) NS 1.02 (1.002–1.03) 0.02 FPG 1.06 (1.04–1.08) <0.0001 1.05 (1.02–1.08) <0.0001 Model 2 1-h plasma glucose 1.03 (1.02–1.04) <0.0001 1.02 (1.01–1.03) <0.0001 Age 1.02 (0.99–1.04) NS 1.04 (1.01–1.06) 0.004 BMI 1.08 (1.04–1.13) <0.0001 1.07 (1.006–1.14) 0.03 Ethnicity 0.46 (0.256–0.83) <0.01 NA Systolic blood pressure 1.0 (0.98–1.02) NS 1.01 (0.99–1.03) NS FPG 1.02 (0.99–1.05) NS 1.02 (0.99–1.06) NS Model 3 2-h plasma glucose 1.02 (1.004–1.03) 0.007 1.04 (0.8–1.35) NS Age 1.02 (1.001–1.05) 0.04 1.04 (1.015–1.06) 0.001 BMI 1.09 (1.05–1.13) <0.0001 1.09 (1.02–1.16) 0.01 Ethnicity 0.58 (0.316–0.985) 0.04 NA Systolic blood pressure 1.0 (0.98–1.02) NS 1.02 (1.01–1.03) 0.02 FPG 1.05 (1.03–1.08) <0.0001 1.05 (1.02–1.08) 0.001 Data are ORs (95% CI) for the variables that were significant predictors of type 2 diabetes risk. In model 2, the 1-h plasma glucose concentration during the OGTT was added to model 1, and in model 3, the 2-h plasma glucose concentration during the OGTT was added to the model.
- Table 3
Incidence of type 2 diabetes in subjects with NGT divided into three groups based on FPG
FPG (mg/dl) 1-h PG (mg/dl) n (% of SAHS participants) FPG (mg/dl) 1-h PG (mg/dl) 2-h PG (mg/dl) OR (95% CI) <90 <125 894 (72) 81 ± 1 95 ± 26 87 ± 11 1 125–150 286 (73) 82 ± 6 135 ± 10 100 ± 22 4.7 (2.0–11.1) >150 219 (72) 83 ± 6 175 ± 19 109 ± 21 7.4 (3.3–17.1) 90–100 <125 489 (29) 95 ± 3 99 ± 14 94 ± 18 1.8 (0.6–5.2) 125–150 255 (30) 95 ± 3 136 ± 10 105 ± 19 2.7 (1.1–6.9) >150 265 (34) 96 ± 3 180 ± 18 111 ± 20 11.3 (5.0–25.8) >100 <125 329 (7) 106 ± 5 102 ± 12 101 ± 17 1.7 (0.4–6.7) 125–150 277 (9) 107 ± 5 137 ± 10 108 ± 19 4.0 (1.3–12.5) >150 432 (10) 109 ± 6 188 ± 27 114 ± 18 17.7 (7.5–41.9) Data are means ± SD unless indicated otherwise. Subjects with NGT were divided into three groups based on FPG <90, 90–100, and >100 mg/dl. Subjects in each group were further subdivided based on a 1-h plasma glucose (PG) concentration <125, 125–155, and >155 mg/dl. Age, BMI, ethnicity, and systolic blood pressure were included as covariates in the model.
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