Risk Factors for Severe Hypoglycemia in Black and White Adults With Diabetes: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1
Incidence rates of severe hypoglycemia by age (years) and race, adjusted for sex.
- Figure 2
HRs and 95% CIs for nontraditional risk factors for hypoglycemia (n = 1,144; 169 people with hypoglycemia). CHD, coronary heart disease.
Tables
- Table 1
Baseline characteristics of black and white ARIC Study participants with diagnosed diabetes (visit 4, 1996–1998)
Overall (n = 1,206) Blacks (n = 391) Whites (n = 815) Age 63.7 (5.66) 62.7 (5.74) 64.2 (5.56) Female sex 651 (54.0) 275 (70.3) 376 (46.1) BMI category Overweight 413 (34.4) 126 (32.2) 290 (35.6) Obese 657 (54.8) 239 (61.1) 421 (51.7) Diabetes duration ≥9 years 508 (42.1) 178 (45.5) 330 (40.5) Diabetes medication use No medication 323 (26.8) 82 (21.0) 241 (29.6) Oral medications only 550 (45.6) 151 (38.6) 399 (49.0) Any insulin 333 (27.6) 158 (40.4) 175 (21.5) Fructosamine Middle tertile (296–350 μmol/L) 397 (32.9) 127 (32.5) 270 (33.1) Highest tertile (>350 μmol/L) 499 (33.1) 168 (43.0) 231 (28.3) eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 138 (11.4) 49 (12.5) 89 (10.9) ACR 30 to <300 mg/g 176 (14.6) 65 (16.6) 111 (13.6) ≥300 mg/g 90 (7.5) 41 (10.5) 49 (6.0) DSST 38.0 (13.8) 28.0 (12.9) 42.8 (11.5) Age and DSST values are mean (SD); all other values are n (%).
- Table 2
Adjusted HRs and 95% CIs for traditional risk factors for severe hypoglycemia (n = 1,206; 185 people with hypoglycemia)
Model 1 Model 2 Age, per 5 years 1.42 (1.25–1.62) 1.24 (1.07–1.43) Female sex 0.96 (0.71–1.30) 1.09 (0.80–1.48) Black race 1.92 (1.42–2.60) 1.39 (1.02–1.88) Obese* 1.46 (1.07–1.97) 1.31 (0.96–1.78) Fructosamine (vs. lowest tertile) Middle tertile (296–350 μmol/L) 2.30 (1.46–3.62) 1.78 (1.11–2.83) Highest tertile (>350 μmol/L) 4.04 (2.62–6.21) 2.62 (1.67–4.10) Diabetes duration ≥9 years 1.75 (1.31–2.35) 1.19 (0.86–1.65) Diabetes medication (vs. none) Oral only 3.01 (1.78–5.07) 2.20 (1.28–3.76) Any insulin use 5.51 (3.25–9.34) 3.00 (1.71–5.28) eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (creatinine) 2.00 (1.35–2.97) 1.40 (0.92–2.13) ACR 30 to <300 mg/g 1.51 (1.02–2.24) 1.16 (0.78–1.74) ≥300 mg/g 3.07 (2.00–4.72) 1.95 (1.23–3.07) DSST, per 1 lower race-specific SD 1.67 (1.42–1.96) 1.57 (1.33–1.84) Values are reported as HR (95% CI). Model 1 included age, sex, and race. Model 2 included all variables in model 1 plus all covariates listed in the table.
↵*Overweight and normal weight were collapsed into one reference group because of the small numbers of normal weight participants.
In this Issue
