Influence of breastfeeding on obesity and type 2 diabetes risk factors in Latino youth with a family history of type 2 diabetes

  1. Jaimie N. Davis, PhD1,
  2. Marc J. Weigensberg, MD1,,4,
  3. Gabriel Q. Shaibi, PhD3,
  4. Noe C. Crespo1,
  5. Louise A. Kelly, PhD1,
  6. Christianne J. Lane, PhD1 and
  7. Michael I. Goran, PhD (goran{at}usc.edu)1,,2
  1. 1Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
  2. 2Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
  3. 3Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
  4. 4Pediatrics, LAC-USC Medical Center

    Abstract

    Objective: To determine whether breastfeeding is related to total and regional adiposity, and glucose and insulin dynamics in overweight Latino youth throughout puberty.

    Research Design: The relations between breastfeeding and diabetes risk were determined in 240 overweight (BMI ≥85th percentile) Latino children (8 to 13 years) with a positive family history of type 2 diabetes. Children were examined at baseline (Tanner pubertal stage 1) and for 2 more years as they advanced in pubertal maturation. Children were divided into the following categories never breastfed (n=102), breastfed 0 to 5.99 months (n=61), breastfed 6 to 11.99 months (n=24) and breastfed ≥ 12 months (n=53). Tanner pubertal stage was determined by physical examination. Visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat were determined by magnetic resonance imagining and total body fat, total lean tissue mass and % body fat were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Fasting and post-challenge glucose were assessed with a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin sensitivity (SI), acute insulin response (AIR), and disposition index (DI; an index of β-cell function) were measured by frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and minimal modeling. Data were analyzed using linear mixed effects (LME) modeling.

    Results: There were no significant effects of breastfeeding categories on adiposity (i.e., total fat mass, total lean tissue mass, % body fat), fat distribution (visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat), fasting glucose or 2-hour glucose, and insulin dynamics (SI, AIR, and DI), at Tanner pubertal stage 1 or on changes in these variables over pubertal transitions in overweight Latino youth.

    Results: Conclusions In this population of high-risk Latino youth, there were no significant protective effects of breastfeeding on adiposity or type 2 diabetes risk factors at Tanner pubertal stage 1 or across advances in maturation.

    Footnotes

      • Received September 27, 2006.
      • Accepted January 2, 2007.

    This Article

    1. Published online before print February 2, 2007, doi: 10.2337/dc06-2008
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