Inverse Correlation Between Heart Rate Recovery and Metabolic Risks in Healthy Children and Adolescents-Insight from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2002

  1. Lian-Yu Lin, MD, PhD1,
  2. Hsu-Ko Kuo, MD, MPH1,
  3. Ling-Ping Lai, MD, PhD1,,2,
  4. Jiunn-Lee Lin, MD, PhD1,
  5. Chuen-Den Tseng, MD, PhD1 and
  6. Juey-Jen Hwang, MD, PhD (lin7010{at}ms1.hinet.net)1,,2
  1. 1Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
  2. 2Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Douliou 64041, Taiwan

    Abstract

    Objective: Heart rate recovery (HRR) is a marker for survival. Little is known about the association between HRR and metabolic risks in healthy children or adolescents.

    Research Design and Methods: We examined 993 healthy children and adolescents aged 12–19 years with reliable measures of cardiovascular fitness from Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2002. HRR parameters 1 to 3 minutes after exercise were calculated from exercise test results. Anthropometric and metabolic risk factors as well as metabolic z-score were obtained.

    Results: The HRR parameters were inversely correlated with most of the metabolic risks including WC, SBP, serum TG and serum CRP levels and were positively correlated with the serum HDL levels. In multiple linear regression analysis, among the metabolic risks, WC was the only parameter associated with HRR parameters (p=0.038, 0.001 and 0.001 for 1 min-HRR, 2-min HRR and 3-min HRR respectively) in boys. In girls, WC (p =0.001 and <0.001 for 2-min HRR and 3-min HRR respectively), SBP (p=0.029 for 1-min HRR) and serum glucose levels (p=0.021 for 2-min HRR) and serum CRP levels (p=0.007 for 2-min HRR) were the most important determinants of HRR parameters. The adjusted 1-min HRR did not change across 4 quartiles of metabolic-z score while the adjusted 3-min HRR decreased significantly with 4 quartiles of metabolic z-score.

    Conclusions: Metabolic risks are inversely associated with HRR in healthy children and adolescents. Our finding suggests that the linkage between metabolic risks and autonomic nervous system functions in healthy young ages.

    Footnotes

      • Received December 5, 2007.
      • Accepted January 30, 2008.

    This Article

    1. Published online before print February 11, 2008, doi: 10.2337/dc07-2299
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