Intake of Fruit, Vegetables, and Fruit Juices and Risk of Diabetes in Women
- Lydia A. Bazzano, MD, PhD (lbazzano{at}tulane.edu),
- Tricia Y. Li, MD, MS,
- Kamudi J. Joshipura, BDS, MS, ScD and
- Frank B. Hu, MD, PhD
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine (LAB), New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; The Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health (TYL, FBH), Boston, MA, USA; The Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health (KJJ, FBH), Boston, MA, USA; The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (FH), Boston, MA, USA; The University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, School of Dentistry (KJJ), San Juan, PR; and The Harvard School of Dental Medicine (KJJ), Boston, MA, USA
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between fruit, vegetable, and fruit juice intake and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 71,346 female nurses ages 38-63 years, who were free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and DM in 1984 were followed for 18 years and dietary information was collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire every 4 years. Diagnosis of DM was self-reported.
RESULTS: During follow-up, 4,529 cases of DM were documented and cumulative incidence of DM was 7.4%. An increase of 3 servings/day in total fruit and vegetable consumption was not associated with development of DM (multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.99; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.94 to 1.05) while the same increase in whole fruit consumption was associated with a lower hazard of DM (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.94). An increase of 1 serving/day in green leafy vegetable consumption was associated with a modestly lower hazard of DM (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.98), whereas the same change in fruit juice intake was associated with an increased hazard of DM (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.26).
CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of green leafy vegetables and fruit was associated with a lower hazard of DM, whereas consumption of fruit juices may be associated with an increased hazard among women.
Footnotes
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- Received January 12, 2008.
- Accepted March 31, 2008.
- Copyright © American Diabetes Association
