Long-Term Maintenance of Treatment Outcomes: “Diabetes Personal Trainer” Intervention for Youth with Type 1 Diabetes
- Tonja R. Nansel, Ph.D. (nanselt{at}mail.nih.gov)1,
- Ronald J. Iannotti, Ph.D.1,
- Bruce G. Simons-Morton, Ed.D1,
- Leslie P. Plotnick, M.D.2,
- Loretta M. Clark, RN, CDE2 and
- Linda Zeitzoff, CPNP, CDE3
- 1Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
- 2Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
- 3Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital, Baltimore, MD
Abstract
Objective: This manuscript describes two-year follow-up hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) outcomes of a self-regulation intervention for youth with type 1 diabetes.
Research Design & Methods: Eighty-one youths with type 1 diabetes ages 11 to 16 were randomized to usual care versus a “diabetes personal trainer” intervention, consisting of six self-monitoring, goal setting, and problem solving sessions with trained non-professionals. HbA1c data were obtained from medical records two years post-intervention, and ANCOVA adjusting for age and baseline HbA1c was conducted.
Results: An overall intervention effect on HbA1c (8.93 control versus 8.43 intervention; F=8.24, p=005) and a significant intervention-by-age interaction (F=9.88, p=.002) were observed, indicating a greater effect among older than younger youths. Subgroup analyses demonstrated no treatment-group difference among pre/early adolescents, but a significant difference in HbA1c among middle adolescents (9.61 control versus 8.46 intervention; F=7.20, p=.011).
Conclusions: Findings indicate maintenance of intervention effects on HbA1c observed at one-year follow-up.
Footnotes
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- Received October 31, 2008.
- Accepted January 18, 2009.
- Copyright © American Diabetes Association
