Male predominance of congenital malformations in infants of women with type 1 diabetes
- Inge M. Evers, MD, PhD (i.m.evers{at}amc.uva.nl)1,3,
- Harold W. de Valk, MD, PhD2 and
- Gerard H.A. Visser, MD, PhD,PROF3
- 1 Division of Perinatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- 2 Division Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
- 3 Division Woman & Baby, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
Abstract
Objective: To investigate gender related differences in maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcome in type 1 diabetic pregnancies in the Netherlands.
Research design & methods: A nationwide prospective cohort based study. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify gender specific risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome.
Results: 323 Type 1 diabetic pregnancies were included; 314 were ongoing after 24 weeks of gestation. There were 8 twin pregnancies and 1 triplet, resulting in 324 infants born after 24 weeks of gestation. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the occurrence of congenital malformations was independently associated with male newborns (OR[95%CI]: (3.5[1.3-10.0];p=0.02).
Conclusion: The higher incidence of congenital malformations in infants of women with type 1 diabetes mellitus appears to be restricted to male infants only.
Footnotes
-
- Received February 24, 2009.
- Accepted April 5, 2009.
- Copyright © American Diabetes Association
