Effects of a protein ‘preload’ on gastric emptying, glycemia, and gut hormones after a carbohydrate meal in diet-controlled type 2 diabetes
- Jing Ma, MBBS1,3,
- Julie E Stevens, BPharm (Hons), BSc1,3,
- Kimberly Cukier, MBBS4,
- Anne F Maddox, Ass Dip Rad Tech1,3,
- Judith M Wishart, BSc1,3,
- Karen L Jones, PhD1,3,
- Peter M Clifton, MBBS, PhD2,4,
- Michael Horowitz, MBBS, PhD1,3,4 and
- Christopher K Rayner, MBBS, PhD (chris.rayner{at}adelaide.edu.au)1,3
- 1Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- 2CSIRO, Human Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia
- 3Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Nutritional Physiology, Interventions and Outcomes, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- 4Endocrine & Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
Abstract
Objective: We evaluated whether a whey ‘preload’ could slow gastric emptying, stimulate incretin hormones, and attenuate postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetes.
Research Design and Methods: 8 type 2 patients ingested 350mL beef soup, 30min before a potato meal; 55g whey was added either to the soup (‘whey preload’), or potato (‘whey in meal’), or ‘no whey’ was given.
Results: Gastric emptying was slowest after the ‘whey preload’ (P<0.0005). The incremental area under the blood glucose curve was less after the ‘whey preload’ and ‘whey in meal’ than ‘no whey’ (P<0.005). Plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, insulin and cholecystokinin concentrations were higher on both whey days than after ‘no whey’, whereas glucagon-like peptide-1 was greatest after the ‘whey preload’ (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Whey protein consumed before a carbohydrate meal can stimulate insulin and incretin hormone secretion, and slow gastric emptying, leading to marked reduction in postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetes.
Footnotes
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- Received April 15, 2009.
- Accepted June 4, 2009.
- Copyright © American Diabetes Association
