Abstract

Objective: To compare effect of a high fat high carbohydrate meal (HFHC) with that of a high fiber and fruit meal on the concentrations of endotoxin (LPS), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), the expression of toll like receptors (TLR) and the suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3) in mononuclear cells (MNC).

Research Design and Methods: Healthy lean subjects were given 910 Calories of either a HFHC meal (n=10) or an American Heart Association (AHA) recommended meal rich in fiber and fruit (n=10) following an overnight fast. Blood was collected before and at 1h, 2h and 3h after the meal. Cellular indices of oxidative and inflammatory stress, the expression of SOCS-3, TLR2 and TLR4 in MNC and plasma concentrations of LPS and LBP were measured.

Results: HFHC meal intake induced an increase in plasma LPS concentration and the expression of SOCS-3, TLR2 and TLR4 protein, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and nuclear factor κ B (NFκB) binding activity (P<0.05, for all). These increases were totally absent following the AHA meal rich in fiber and fruit.

Conclusions: The novel changes described following HFHC meal elucidate further the mechanisms underlying post prandial inflammation and also provide the first evidence explaining the pathogenesis of insulin and leptin resistance mediated by SOCS-3 following such meals. In contrast an AHA meal does not induce these effects.