Abstract

Objective— Obesity and increases in body weight in adults are considered to be among the most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Low birth weight is also associated with a higher diabetes incidence. We aimed to examine to what extent the evolution of body shape, from childhood to adulthood is related to incident diabetes in late adulthood.

Research Design And Methods— E3N is a cohort study of French women born 1925-1950 and followed by questionnaire every 2 years. At baseline, in 1990, women were asked to report their current weight, height and body silhouette at various ages. Birth weight was recorded in 2002. Cases of diabetes were self-reported or obtained by drug reimbursement record linkage, and further validated.

Results— Of the 91,453 women non-diabetic at baseline, 2534 developed diabetes over the 15 years of follow-up. Birth weight, and body silhouette at 8 years, at menarche and in young adulthood (20-25 years) were inversely associated with the risk of diabetes, independently of adult BMI during follow-up (all P trends <0.001). In mid-adulthood (35-40 years), the association was reversed, with an increase in risk related to a larger body silhouette. An increase in body silhouette from childhood to mid-adulthood amplified the risk of diabetes.

Conclusions— Low birth weight and thinness until young adulthood may increase the risk of diabetes, independently of adult BMI during follow-up. Young women who were thin children should be especially warned against weight gain.