Intra-uterine Exposure to Maternal Diabetes is Associated with Higher Adiposity and Insulin Resistance and Clustering of Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Indian Children.
- Ghattu V Krishnaveni, PhD (gv.krishnaveni{at}gmail.com)1,
- Sargoor R Veena, MBBS1,
- Jacqueline C Hill, PhD2,
- Sarah Kehoe, MSc2,
- Samuel C Karat, MD1 and
- Caroline HD Fall, DM2
- 1Epidemiology Research Unit, CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore 570021, India
- 2 MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that maternal gestational diabetes increases cardiovascular risk markers in Indian children.
Research Design and Methods: Anthropometry, blood pressure (BP) and glucose/insulin concentrations were measured in 514 children at 5 and 9.5 years of age (35 offspring of diabetic mothers/ODM; 39 offspring of diabetic fathers/ODF). Children of non-diabetic parents were controls.
Results: At 9.5 years, female ODM had larger skinfolds (P<0.001), higher glucose (30-minute) and insulin concentrations, HOMA insulin resistance and systolic BP (P<0.05) than controls; males had higher HOMA (P<0.01). Associations were stronger than at 5 years. Female ODF had larger skinfolds and males had higher HOMA (P<0.05) than controls; associations were weaker than for ODM. Associations between outcomes in controls, and parental BMI, glucose and insulin concentrations were similar for mothers and fathers.
Conclusions: The intrauterine environment experienced by ODM increases diabetes and cardiovascular risk, over genetic factors; the effects strengthen during childhood.
Footnotes
-
- Received July 29, 2009.
- Accepted November 5, 2009.
- Copyright © American Diabetes Association
