Abstract

Objective. Despite widespread dissemination of target values, achieving a blood pressure (BP) of <130/80 mmHg is challenging for many individuals with diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to examine temporal trends in BP control in hypertensive individuals with diabetes mellitus as well as the potential for race, sex, and geographic disparities.

Research Design and Methods. We analyzed baseline data from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, a national, population-based, longitudinal cohort study of 30,228 adults (58% European American and 42% African American), examining the causes of excess stroke mortality in the southeastern United States. We calculated mean BP and BP control rates (proportion with BP < 130/80 mmHg) for the 5,217 hypertensive diabetic participants by year of enrollment (2003-2007) using multivariable logistic regression models.

Results. Only 43% and 30% of European American and African American diabetic hypertensive participants respectively demonstrated a target BP of <130/80 mmHg (p < 0.001). However, a temporal trend of improved control was evident; the odds of having a BP < 130/80 mmHg among diabetic hypertensive participants of both races enrolled in 2007 (as compared to those enrolled in 2003) were approximately 50% greater (p < 0.001) in multivariate models.

Conclusions. These data suggest temporal improvements in BP control in diabetes that may reflect broad dissemination of tighter BP control targets and improving medication access. However, control rates remain low and significant racial disparities persist among African Americans that may contribute to an increased risk for premature cardiovascular disease.