Study subject characteristics
| Subject | Age (years) | Sex | Diabetes duration (years) | BMI (kg/m2) | A1C (%) | Fasting insulin (pmol/l) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control subjects (mean ± SD) | 30 ± 4.0 | 21.8 ± 1.0 | 52 ± 10.0 | ||||
| 1 | 24 | M | — | 21.8 | — | 29 | |
| 2 | 26 | F | — | 19.7 | — | 20 | |
| 3 | 25 | M | — | 23.4 | — | 74 | |
| 4 | 51 | F | — | 21.2 | — | 64 | |
| 5 | 29 | M | — | 25.5 | — | 44 | |
| 6 | 26 | F | — | 19.0 | — | 79 | |
| Placebo-treated subjects (mean ± SD) | 40.0 ± 2.0 | 2.5 ± 0.3 | 36.6 ± 1.3 | 7.0 ± 0.6 | 206 ± 24.0 | ||
| 7 | 41 | F | 3 | 31.2 | 6.9 | 190 | |
| 8 | 33 | F | 3 | 36.7 | 6.4 | 155 | |
| 9 | 45 | F | 1 | 38.0 | 7.0 | 280 | |
| 10 | 37 | M | 2 | 40.1 | 5.9 | 269 | |
| 11 | 44 | M | 3 | 34.5 | 10.1 | 140 | |
| 12 | 37 | M | 3 | 39.1 | 5.9 | 199 | |
| Pioglitazone-treated subjects (mean ± SD) | 46 ± 5.0 | 3.7 ± 1.5 | 32.1 ± 2.2 | 7.3 ± 1.0 | 166 ± 34.0 | ||
| 13 | 47 | M | 1 | 25.5 | 5.9 | 207 | |
| 14 | 55 | F | 6 | 37.1 | 8.0 | 232 | |
| 15 | 53 | M | 2 | 34.0 | 7.2 | 143 | |
| 16 | 24 | F | 10 | 37.7 | 11.7 | 266 | |
| 17 | 49 | F | 2 | 25.8 | 5.3 | 70 | |
| 18 | 45 | M | 1 | 32.4 | 5.6 | 77 |