Table 2

Association between LCD scores and risk of T2DM among women with a history of GDM

	Quintiles of LCD scores					P for trend
	Quintile 1	Quintile 2	Quintile 3	Quintile 4	Quintile 5	P for trend
Overall LCD score
Median score	5	10	15	19	25	–
Cases of T2DM (n)	124	99	144	141	214	–
Person-years	14,821	11,697	15,563	11,973	14,843	–
Age-adjusted model	1.00 (reference)	1.01 (0.76–1.35)	1.11 (0.85–1.44)	1.44 (1.10–1.87)	1.89 (1.48–2.42)	<0.001
Multivariable model^a	1.00 (reference)	1.07 (0.80–1.44)	1.24 (0.95–1.63)	1.66 (1.26–2.19)	2.13 (1.65–2.76)	<0.001
Multivariable model + BMI^b	1.00 (reference)	0.95 (0.70–1.30)	1.02 (0.77–1.36)	1.28 (0.96–1.71)	1.36 (1.04–1.78)	0.003
Animal LCD score
Median score	4	10	15	20	26	–
Cases of T2DM (n)	114	107	146	142	213	–
Person-years	14,426	13,022	14,357	12,727	14,367	–
Age-adjusted model	1.00 (reference)	0.97 (0.73–1.29)	1.30 (1.00–1.70)	1.44 (1.10–1.89)	1.95 (1.52–2.50)	<0.001
Multivariable model^a	1.00 (reference)	1.04 (0.77–1.39)	1.40 (1.07–1.84)	1.63 (1.23–2.15)	2.18 (1.68–2.83)	<0.001
Multivariable model + BMI^b	1.00 (reference)	0.97 (0.71–1.32)	1.12 (0.84–1.50)	1.18 (0.88–1.58)	1.40 (1.06–1.84)	0.004
Vegetable LCD score
Median score	8	12	15	18	22	–
Cases of T2DM (n)	143	147	144	128	160	–
Person-years	15,212	12,306	13,185	12,800	15,394	–
Age-adjusted model	1.00 (reference)	1.32 (1.03–1.70)	1.18 (0.92–1.53)	1.20 (0.92–1.56)	1.13 (0.88–1.45)	0.58
Multivariable model^a	1.00 (reference)	1.45 (1.12–1.88)	1.33 (1.02–1.72)	1.29 (0.99–1.69)	1.29 (1.00–1.67)	0.14
Multivariable model + BMI^b	1.00 (reference)	1.38 (1.05–1.81)	1.24 (0.94–1.63)	1.14 (0.86–1.51)	1.19 (0.91–1.55)	0.50

Data are HR (95% CI) unless noted otherwise.
↵^aCovariates in the multivariable model included age (months), parity (1, 2, 3, ≥4), age at first birth (12–24, 25–29, ≥30 years), race/ethnicity (Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, Asian, other), family history of diabetes (yes or no), oral contraceptive use (current, former, never), menopausal status (premenopausal or postmenopausal), cigarette smoking (never, former, current), alcohol intake (0, 0.1–4.9, 5.0–14.9, ≥15.0 g/day), physical activity (quintiles), total energy intake (quintiles), and glycemic index. All the time-varying covariates were updated during the follow-up and were modeled as time-varying variables in the models.
↵^bBMI, as a time-varying variable, was modeled as <23.0, 23.0–24.9, 25.0–26.9, 27.0–29.9, 30.0–34.9, 35.0–39.9, or ≥40.0 kg/m².