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Original Articles

Prevalence of Depression in Adults With Diabetes: An epidemiological evaluation

  1. Jeffrey A Gavard, PHD,
  2. Patrick J Lustman, PHD and
  3. Ray E Clouse, MD
  1. Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri
  1. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Jeffrey A. Gavard, PHD, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 33 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63108.
Diabetes Care 1993 Aug; 16(8): 1167-1178. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.16.8.1167
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of depression in adult diabetic populations through a comprehensive literature review and to critically evaluate the methods and findings of such studies from an epidemiological perspective.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A systematic review of the scientific literature revealed a total of 20 studies, 14 of which had been conducted since 1988. Nine of the studies were controlled investigations, whereas the remaining 11 studies did not contain comparison groups. The studies included both treatment and community samples.

RESULTS The range of the prevalence of current depression obtained from structured diagnostic interviews in diabetic samples was 8.5–27.3% (Embedded Image = 14.0%) in controlled studies and 11.0–19.9% (Embedded Image = 15.4%) in uncontrolled studies. These rates are at least three times the prevalence of major depressive disorder found in the general adult population of the U.S. Investigations using depression symptom scales corroborated these findings, as the range of clinically significant depression symptomatology in diabetic samples was 21.8–60.0% (Embedded Image = 32.4%) in controlled studies and 10.0–28.0% (Embedded Image = 19.6%) in uncontrolled studies.

CONCLUSIONS An increased prevalence of depression in diabetes relative to the general population is highly suggested by the literature, but biases and methodological problems commonly encountered in prevalence studies may interfere with the strength of this conclusion. An increased prevalence of depression in diabetes relative to other somatic illnesses remains unproven. The pervasive impact of depression on quality of life and its potential negative effect on diabetes management warrant recognition and treatment of the affective disorder in diabetic individuals.

  • Received September 2, 1992.
  • Revision received April 22, 1993.
  • Accepted April 22, 1993.
  • Copyright © 1993 by the American Diabetes Association

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August 1993, 16(8)
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Prevalence of Depression in Adults With Diabetes: An epidemiological evaluation
Jeffrey A Gavard, Patrick J Lustman, Ray E Clouse
Diabetes Care Aug 1993, 16 (8) 1167-1178; DOI: 10.2337/diacare.16.8.1167

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Prevalence of Depression in Adults With Diabetes: An epidemiological evaluation
Jeffrey A Gavard, Patrick J Lustman, Ray E Clouse
Diabetes Care Aug 1993, 16 (8) 1167-1178; DOI: 10.2337/diacare.16.8.1167
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