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Original Articles

Antibodies Against Bovine Albumin and Other Diabetes Markers in French Children

  1. Claire Lévy-Marchal, MD,
  2. Jukka Karjalainen, MD,
  3. Frédéric Dubois, MD,
  4. Wolfram Karges, MD,
  5. Paul Czernichow, MD and
  6. Hans-Michael Dosch, MD
  1. INSERM CJF 93–13, Hôpital Robert Debré Paris
  2. Institut Regional de Santé Tours, France
  3. Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Microbiology, University of Oulu Finland
  4. Departments of Pediatrics and Immunology, University of Toronto, The Hospital For Sick Children, Research Institute Toronto, Canada
  1. Address correspondence and reprint request to Claire Lévy-Marchal, Service de Diabetologie, Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France.
Diabetes Care 1995 Aug; 18(8): 1089-1094. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.18.8.1089
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE Findings in epidemiology and animal experimentation suggest that autoimmunity in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) may be triggered by dietary cow-milk protein, particularly bovine serum albumin (BSA). Elevated IgG anti-BSA antibodies were found in children from Finland with newly onset diabetes; Finland has the highest incidence of diabetes and cow's milk consumption in the world. We now analyze BSA serology and other diabetes markers in school-age children from France, where diabetes incidence and cow's milk consumption are low.

RESEARCH DESIGN Sera were obtained from three groups: newly diagnosed diabetic (n = 43), islet cell antibody-positive (ICA+) nondiabetic (n = 98), and ICA− healthy control children (n = 267). IgG anti-BSA antibody levels were measured blindly using particle concentration fluoroimmunoassays and analyzed in comparison with ICA titers and human leukocyte antigen-DQB genotypes.

RESULTS There were highly significant differences in BSA antibody levels between all three groups (P < 0.0001). Diabetic patients had elevated anti-BSA levels in 74.4% of cases, compared with 5.5% of control children. In the group of ICA+ non-diabetic children, 20% were anti-BSA-positive. Neither ICA nor BSA antibody titers were significantly related to DQB genotype or sex. ICA titers (≥4 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation units) were present in 84% of diabetic children. Two-thirds of diabetic children were positive for both ICA and anti-BSA antibodies, and none were negative for both markers.

CONCLUSIONS Elevated IgG anti-BSA levels are associated with IDDM in the low-incidence French population. In newly diagnosed diabetic children, these antibodies have similar specificity (95 vs. 98%) and slightly lower sensitivity for IDDM than ICA (74.4 vs. 83.7%). Our results may support an immunological role of BSA in diabetic autoimmunity.

  • Received August 24, 1994.
  • Revision received January 23, 1995.
  • Accepted January 23, 1995.
  • Copyright © 1995 by the American Diabetes Association

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August 1995, 18(8)
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Antibodies Against Bovine Albumin and Other Diabetes Markers in French Children
Claire Lévy-Marchal, Jukka Karjalainen, Frédéric Dubois, Wolfram Karges, Paul Czernichow, Hans-Michael Dosch
Diabetes Care Aug 1995, 18 (8) 1089-1094; DOI: 10.2337/diacare.18.8.1089

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Antibodies Against Bovine Albumin and Other Diabetes Markers in French Children
Claire Lévy-Marchal, Jukka Karjalainen, Frédéric Dubois, Wolfram Karges, Paul Czernichow, Hans-Michael Dosch
Diabetes Care Aug 1995, 18 (8) 1089-1094; DOI: 10.2337/diacare.18.8.1089
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  • Diabetes-Related Autoantibodies and Gestational Diabetes
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