Diabetes and the Risk of Acute Urinary Tract Infection Among Postmenopausal Women
Article Figures & Tables
Tables
- Table 1—
Characteristics of study subjects by case and control status
Characteristic Case subjects (n = 901) Control subjects (n = 913) P value Mean age (years ± SD) 66.1 ± 6.2 66.2 ± 6.3 0.835 Married or living as married 588 (65.4%) 576 (63.2%) 0.333 Ethnicity 0.106 Caucasian 838 (93.2%) 841 (92.3%) African-American 19 (2.1%) 23 (2.6%) Asian-American 21 (2.4%) 36 (4.0%) Other 19 (2.1%) 10 (0.6%) Educational level 0.091 ≤12 years 373 (41.6%) 368 (40.6%) >12 years to completed college 392 (43.4%) 416 (45.6%) More than college 133 (15.0%) 127 (14.0%) Annual income 0.865 <$25,000 293 (37.4%) 293 (36.9%) $25,000–50,000 361 (46.1%) 376 (47.3%) >$50,000 130 (16.6%) 126 (15.6%) Data are n (%).
- Table 2—
ORs for UTI by exposures of interest adjusted for age and in multivariate models
Exposure Case subjects Control subjects Age-adjusted OR (95% CI) Multivariate OR* (95% CI) Diabetes Absent 781 (86.9%) 849 (93.2%) 1.0 (referent) 1.0 (referent) Present 118 (13.1%) 62 (6.8%) 2.2 (1.6–3.0) 2.2 (1.5–3.1) Diabetes treatment Diabetes absent 781 (86.9%) 849 (93.3%) 1.0 (referent) 1.0 (referent) None/lifestyle changes 27 (3.0%) 23 (2.5%) 1.3 (0.7–2.3) 1.4 (0.8–2.5) Oral medication 50 (5.6%) 19 (2.1%) 2.9 (1.7–5.1) 2.8 (1.6–5.1) Insulin 41 (4.6%) 10 (2.1%) 2.6 (1.5–4.6) 2.7 (1.4–4.9) Duration of diabetes Diabetes absent 781 (87.1%) 849 (93.3%) 1.0 (referent) 1.0 (referent) <10 years 56 (6.2%) 35 (3.9%) 1.9 (1.2–2.9) 2.0 (1.2–3.2) ≥10 years 60 (6.7%) 26 (2.9%) 2.6 (1.6–4.3) 2.4 (1.5–4.0) Diabetes type Diabetes absent 783 (87.0%) 850 (93.2%) 1.0 (referent) 1.0 (referent) Type 1 diabetes 4 (0.4%) 4 (0.4%) 1.3 (0.3–5.2) 1.1 (0.3–4.6) Type 2 diabetes 113 (12.6%) 58 (6.4%) 2.2 (1.6–3.1) 2.2 (1.6–3.2) HbA1c within 180 days of the UTI Diabetes absent 781 (90.3%) 849 (95.8%) 1.0 (referent) 1.0 (referent) Diabetes present HbA1c ≤8.0% 40 (4.6%) 17 (1.9%) 2.5 (1.4–4.5) 2.4 (1.3–4.5) Diabetes present HbA1c >8.0% 44 (5.1%) 20 (2.3%) 2.7 (1.6–4.7) 2.7 (1.5–4.9) Data are n (%).
- *
↵* Adjusted for age, history of UTI, and average frequency of sexual intercourse over the past year.
- Table 3—
Presence of diabetes and case/control status in relation to vaginal flora assessed after occurrence of UTI in a subsample of women (n = 454)
Characteristic Diabetes absent (n = 417) Diabetes present (n = 37) P value Number with vaginal E. coli present 164 (39.3%) 17 (46.0%) 0.431 Number with vaginal L. acidophilus present 260 (62.7%) 26 (70.3%) 0.357 Number with vaginal gram-negative rod other than E. coli present 26 (6.2%) 4 (10.8%) 0.292 Number with vaginal yeast present 48 (11.5%) 7 (18.9%) 0.186 Case subjects (n = 262) Control subjects (n = 192) Number with vaginal E. coli present 119 (45.4%) 62 (32.3%) 0.005 Number with vaginal L. acidophilus present 167 (63.4%) 119 (62.3%) 0.714 Number with vaginal gram-negative rod other than E. coli present 18 (6.9%) 12 (6.3%) 0.793 Number with vaginal yeast present 32 (12.2%) 23 (12.0%) 0.940 Data are n (%).
In this Issue
October 2002, 25(10)
Diabetes and the Risk of Acute Urinary Tract Infection Among Postmenopausal Women
