HbA1c Levels Among American Indian/Alaska Native Adults

Epidemiology/Health Services/Psychosocial Research

HbA_1c Levels Among American Indian/Alaska Native Adults

¹University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Los Angeles, California
²New Mexico Veterans Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico
³Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
⁴Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
⁵Indian Health Service National Diabetes Programs, Albuquerque, New Mexico

Diabetes Care 2002 Dec; 25(12): 2178-2183. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.25.12.2178

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Figure 1—
HbA_1c by age and diabetes duration.

Table 1—

Selected demographic, clinical, and standards of care variables among American Indian/Alaska Native people with type 2 diabetes (IHS, 1998)

Age at audit (years)	8,860 (54.9 ± 13.4)
Age at diagnosis (years)	8,860 (46.1 ± 13.2)
Diabetes duration (years)	8,860 (8.8 ± 7.4)
BMI	8,860 (32.9 ± 7.1)
HbA_1c	8,860 (8.6 ± 2.3)
Sex
Male	3,532 (39.9)
Female	5,328 (60.1)
Proteinuria
Yes	2,196 (24.8)
No	5,342 (60.3)
Unknown	1,322 (14.9)
Treatment type
Diet alone	1,068 (12.1)
Oral agents	5,043 (56.9)
Insulin (with or without oral agents)	2,616 (29.5)
Unknown	133 (1.5)
Diabetes health care index factors
Foot exam
Yes	5,563 (62.8)
No	3,297 (37.2)
Eye exam
Yes	5,004 (56.5)
No	3,856 (43.5)
Diet instruction
Yes	5,858 (66.1)
No	3,002 (33.9)
Exercise instruction
Yes	5,070 (57.2)
No	3,790 (42.8)
General diabetes education
Yes	6,197 (69.9)
No	2,663 (30.1)
Influenza vaccination
Yes	4,922 (55.6)
No	3,938 (44.4)

Table 2—

Mean HbA_1c level by age and treatment among American Indian/Alaska Native people with diabetes (IHS, 1998)

Table 3—

Mean HbA_1c by health care index by age among American Indian/Alaska Native people with diabetes (IHS, 1998)

*
↵* One point was assigned for each of the following completed the year prior to the audit: foot exam, eye exam, diet instruction, exercise instruction, diabetes education, and influenza vaccine;
†
↵† for overall, P < 0.001 across health care index categories.

Table 4—

Adjusted mean HbA_1c by age-group and by proteinuria status among American Indian/Alaska Native people with diabetes (IHS, 1998)

Data are mean HbA_1c level.
*
↵* Adjusted for duration, BMI, and health care index. P < 0.0001 for differences in HbA_1c level among age-groups.
†
↵† Adjusted for duration, BMI, health care index, and treatment type. P < 0.0001 for differences in HbA_1c level among age-groups.