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Epidemiology/Health Services/Psychosocial Research

Lifetime Costs of Complications Resulting From Type 2 Diabetes in the U.S.

  1. J. Jaime Caro, MDCM,
  2. Alexandra J. Ward, PHD and
  3. Judith A. O’Brien, RN
  1. From the Caro Research Institute, Concord, Massachusetts.
    Diabetes Care 2002 Mar; 25(3): 476-481. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.25.3.476
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    Abstract

    OBJECTIVE—To model the lifetime costs associated with complications of type 2 diabetes.

    RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A cohort of 10,000 patients with diabetes was simulated using a model based on existing epidemiological studies. Complication rates were estimated for various stages of macrovascular disease, nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and hypoglycemia. At the beginning of the simulation, patients were assumed to have been treated for 5 years and have a mean HbA1c of 8.4. From the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study, it was estimated that on current therapies, the HbA1c would drift upward on average 0.15% per year. Direct medical costs of managing each complication were estimated (in 2000 U.S. dollars) from all-payor databases, surveys, and literature.

    RESULTS—Macrovascular disease was estimated to be the largest cost component, accounting for 85% of cumulative costs of complications over the first 5 years. The costs of complications were estimated to be $47,240 per patient over 30 years, on average. The management of macrovascular disease is estimated to be the largest cost component, accounting for 52% of the costs; nephropathy accounts for 21%, neuropathy accounts for 17%, and retinopathy accounts for 10% of the costs of complications.

    CONCLUSIONS—The complications of diabetes account for substantial costs, with management of macrovascular disease being the largest and earliest. If improving glycemic control prevents complications, it will reduce these costs.

    • ADA, American Diabetes Association
    • ESRD, end-stage renal disease
    • UKPDS, U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study.

    Footnotes

    • Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. J. Jaime Caro, 336 Baker Ave., Concord, MA 01742. E-mail: jcaro{at}caroresearch.com.

      Received for publication 20 June 2001 and accepted in revised form 15 November 2001.

      J.J.C., A.J.W., and J.A.O. are employed by Caro Research.

      A table elsewhere in this issue shows conventional and Système International (SI) units and conversion factors for many substances.

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    Lifetime Costs of Complications Resulting From Type 2 Diabetes in the U.S.
    J. Jaime Caro, Alexandra J. Ward, Judith A. O’Brien
    Diabetes Care Mar 2002, 25 (3) 476-481; DOI: 10.2337/diacare.25.3.476

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    Lifetime Costs of Complications Resulting From Type 2 Diabetes in the U.S.
    J. Jaime Caro, Alexandra J. Ward, Judith A. O’Brien
    Diabetes Care Mar 2002, 25 (3) 476-481; DOI: 10.2337/diacare.25.3.476
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