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Clinical Care/Education/Nutrition

Effects of Diets Enriched in Saturated (Palmitic), Monounsaturated (Oleic), or trans (Elaidic) Fatty Acids on Insulin Sensitivity and Substrate Oxidation in Healthy Adults

  1. Jennifer C. Lovejoy, PHD1,
  2. Steven R. Smith, MD1,
  3. Catherine M. Champagne, PHD1,
  4. Marlene M. Most, PHD1,
  5. Michael Lefevre, PHD1,
  6. James P. DeLany, PHD1,
  7. Yvonne M. Denkins, PHD1,
  8. Jennifer C. Rood, PHD1,
  9. Johannes Veldhuis, MD2 and
  10. George A. Bray, MD1
  1. 1Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
  2. 2University of Virginia Health Sciences Center General Clinical Research Center and Center for Biomathematical Technology, Charlottesville, Virginia
    Diabetes Care 2002 Aug; 25(8): 1283-1288. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.25.8.1283
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    Abstract

    OBJECTIVE—Diets high in total and saturated fat are associated with insulin resistance. This study examined the effects of feeding monounsaturated, saturated, and trans fatty acids on insulin action in healthy adults.

    RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A randomized, double-blind, crossover study was conducted comparing three controlled 4-week diets (57% carbohydrate, 28% fat, and 15% protein) enriched with different fatty acids in 25 healthy men and women. The monounsaturated fat diet (M) had 9% of energy as C18:1cis (oleic acid). The saturated fat diet (S) had 9% of energy as palmitic acid, and the trans fatty acid diet (T) had 9% as C18:1trans. Body weight was kept constant throughout the study. After each diet period, insulin pulsatile secretion, insulin sensitivity index (SI) by the minimal model method, serum lipids, and fat oxidation by indirect calorimetry were measured.

    RESULTS—Mean SI for the M, S, and T diets was 3.44 ± 0.26, 3.20 ± 0.26, and 3.40 ± 0.26 × 10−4 min−1 · μU−1 · ml−1, respectively (NS). SI decreased by 24% on the S versus M diet in overweight subjects but was unchanged in lean subjects (NS). Insulin secretion was unaffected by diet, whereas total and HDL cholesterol increased significantly on the S diet. Subjects oxidized the least fat on the M diet (26.0 ± 1.5 g/day) and the most fat on the T diet (31.4 ± 1.5 g/day) (P = 0.02).

    CONCLUSIONS—Dietary fatty acid composition significantly influenced fat oxidation but did not impact insulin sensitivity or secretion in lean individuals. Overweight individuals were more susceptible to developing insulin resistance on high-saturated fat diets.

    • AIRg, acute insulin response to glucose
    • IRAS, Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study
    • M diet, monounsaturated fat diet
    • RMR, resting metabolic rate
    • S diet, saturated fat diet
    • SG, glucose effectiveness
    • SI, insulin sensitivity index
    • T diet, trans fatty acid diet

    Footnotes

    • Address correspondence and reprint requests to Jennifer C. Lovejoy, PhD, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd., Baton Rouge, LA 70808. E-mail: lovejoj{at}pbrc.edu.

      Received for publication 15 February 2002 and accepted in revised form 14 May 2002.

      A table elsewhere in this issue shows conventional and Système International (SI) units and conversion factors for many substances.

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    Diabetes Care: 25 (8)

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    August 2002, 25(8)
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    Effects of Diets Enriched in Saturated (Palmitic), Monounsaturated (Oleic), or trans (Elaidic) Fatty Acids on Insulin Sensitivity and Substrate Oxidation in Healthy Adults
    Jennifer C. Lovejoy, Steven R. Smith, Catherine M. Champagne, Marlene M. Most, Michael Lefevre, James P. DeLany, Yvonne M. Denkins, Jennifer C. Rood, Johannes Veldhuis, George A. Bray
    Diabetes Care Aug 2002, 25 (8) 1283-1288; DOI: 10.2337/diacare.25.8.1283

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    Effects of Diets Enriched in Saturated (Palmitic), Monounsaturated (Oleic), or trans (Elaidic) Fatty Acids on Insulin Sensitivity and Substrate Oxidation in Healthy Adults
    Jennifer C. Lovejoy, Steven R. Smith, Catherine M. Champagne, Marlene M. Most, Michael Lefevre, James P. DeLany, Yvonne M. Denkins, Jennifer C. Rood, Johannes Veldhuis, George A. Bray
    Diabetes Care Aug 2002, 25 (8) 1283-1288; DOI: 10.2337/diacare.25.8.1283
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