Alcohol Consumption and Risk for Development of Impaired Fasting Glucose or Type 2 Diabetes in Middle-Aged Japanese Men
Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1—
Incidence rates per 1,000 person-years for IFG and type 2 diabetes according to alcohol intake among 2,953 Japanese male office workers during 7 years of follow-up.
Tables
- Table 1—
Baseline characteristics of 2,953 Japanese male office workers, according to alcohol intake
Characteristics Alcohol intake (g ethanol/day) 0 0.1–22.9 23.0–45.9 46.0–68.9 ≥69.0 n 421 534 698 881 419 Age (years) 47.4 ± 6.3 45.7 ± 6.2 46.0 ± 6.3 46.6 ± 5.9 47.1 ± 5.3 Family history of diabetes (%) 6.7 9.2 7.7 7.4 9.8 BMI (kg/m2) 23.3 ± 2.8 23.2 ± 2.7 23.1 ± 2.4 23.3 ± 2.6 23.7 ± 2.6 Current smoker (%) 45.4 42.5 46.4 54.6 63.5 Regular physical activity at least once a week (%) 42.0 52.4 51.6 56.8 54.7 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 124.9 ± 14.9 124.4 ± 14.5 124.5 ± 13.5 128.5 ± 13.8 130.6 ± 14.3 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) 75.0 ± 11.3 76.2 ± 10.5 76.2 ± 10.4 78.5 ± 10.5 80.1 ± 10.5 Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) 4.99 ± 0.37 4.98 ± 0.35 4.97 ± 0.34 5.00 ± 0.35 4.99 ± 0.36 Total cholesterol (mmol/l) 5.03 ± 0.82 5.01 ± 0.82 4.92 ± 0.79 4.99 ± 0.83 5.05 ± 0.81 HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) 1.29 ± 0.30 1.35 ± 0.30 1.40 ± 0.29 1.45 ± 0.35 1.48 ± 0.36 γ-Glutamyltransferase (units/l) 25.6 ± 30.1 27.4 ± 27.1 30.5 ± 28.9 41.4 ± 33.4 61.3 ± 56.3 Aspartate aminotransferase (units/l) 22.1 ± 9.6 21.2 ± 8.3 21.6 ± 7.4 22.5 ± 7.5 27.2 ± 15.5 Alanine aminotransferase (units/l) 23.8 ± 16.9 24.0 ± 16.1 23.6 ± 14.1 23.3 ± 12.9 27.1 ± 15.8 -
Data are means ± SD unless indicated otherwise.
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- Table 2—
The risk for incidence of impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes by alcohol intake
Alcohol intake (g ethanol/day) P value* 0 0.1–22.9 23.0–45.9 46.0–68.9 ≥69.0 Participants (n) 421 534 698 881 419 Cases (n) 63 67 66 107 67 Total person-years 2491 3251 4282 5386 2461 Rate per 1,000 person-years 25.3 20.6 15.4 19.9 27.2 Age-adjusted relative risk (95% CI) 1.58 (1.12–2.23) 1.34 (0.95–1.88) 1.00 (Referent) 1.27 (0.93–1.72) 1.71 (1.22–2.41) 0.001 Multivariate-adjusted relative risk (95% CI)† 1.51 (1.07–2.13) 1.31 (0.93–1.84) 1.00 (Referent) 1.18 (0.87–1.61) 1.43 (1.01–2.02) 0.016 - Table 3—
The risk for incidence of impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes by alcohol intake within subgroups
Risk factors Rate per 1,000 person-years Alcohol intake (g ethanol/day) P value* 0 0.1–22.9 23.0–45.9 46.0–68.9 ≥69.0 Age (median, 46.4 years) Below median 17.4 1.54 (0.93–2.54) 1.11 (0.69–1.79) 1.00 (Referent) 0.99 (0.64–1.55) 1.12 (0.67–1.87) 0.153 At or above median 24.4 1.56 (0.96–2.53) 1.52 (0.94–2.47) 1.00 (Referent) 1.39 (0.90–2.14) 1.78 (1.11–2.88) 0.038 Family history of diabetes No 19.8 1.53 (1.06–2.21) 1.32 (0.91–1.90) 1.00 (Referent) 1.23 (0.89–1.71) 1.50 (1.04–2.17) 0.015 Yes 30.9 1.64 (0.58–4.65) 1.29 (0.53–3.14) 1.00 (Referent) 0.85 (0.34–2.12) 1.05 (0.39–2.82) 0.457 BMI (median, 23.2 kg/m2) Below median 16.7 1.90 (1.12–3.24) 1.51 (0.89–2.56) 1.00 (Referent) 1.27 (0.78–2.03) 1.44 (0.82–2.53) 0.056 At or above median 24.9 1.35 (0.85–2.13) 1.21 (0.78–1.89) 1.00 (Referent) 1.14 (0.76–1.70) 1.48 (0.95–2.29) 0.069 Current smoking No 16.7 2.20 (1.26–3.86) 1.86 (1.07–3.22) 1.00 (Referent) 1.74 (1.03–2.94) 2.64 (1.48–4.74) 0.002 Yes 24.8 1.20 (0.77–1.89) 1.05 (0.68–1.64) 1.00 (Referent) 0.95 (0.65–1.40) 1.06 (0.70–1.62) 0.405 Physical exercise (times/week) Hardly any 21.1 1.53 (0.96–2.45) 1.31 (0.81–2.12) 1.00 (Referent) 1.09 (0.69–1.72) 1.44 (0.88–2.37) 0.055 Once or more 20.3 1.52 (0.90–2.55) 1.31 (0.81–2.13) 1.00 (Referent) 1.29 (0.84–1.96) 1.39 (0.86–2.26) 0.153 -
Data are relative risk (95% CI) unless indicated otherwise. Relative risks were adjusted for age, family history of diabetes, BMI, cigarette smoking, and regular physical activity at study entry.
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↵* For quadratic trend.
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In this Issue
January 2003, 26(1)
Alcohol Consumption and Risk for Development of Impaired Fasting Glucose or Type 2 Diabetes in Middle-Aged Japanese Men
