Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events With Long-Term Pravastatin in Patients With Diabetes or Impaired Fasting Glucose
Results from the LIPID trial
Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1—
Numbers of patients in the LIPID study by baseline glucose status. During the trial, 23.8% of patients on placebo commenced cholesterol-lowering therapy.
- Figure 2—
Changes in blood lipid levels with pravastatin therapy compared with placebo over 5 years in subgroups by glucose status in the LIPID study. ApoB, apolipoprotein B.
- Figure 3—
Effects of pravastatin on cardiovascular end points over a median of 6 years by glucose status. RRRs were derived from the Cox proportional hazards model. P for heterogeneity between end points = 0.7, within end points = 0.4. The lines show 95% CIs for each glucose group and the diamonds show 95% CIs for all patients. CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; NNT, number needed to treat (based on the common RRR for the whole cohort); PTCA, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. *P < 0.001; †P = 0.048.
- Figure 4—
Kaplan-Meier plots showing the effects of pravastatin on CHD events (CHD death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) and stroke by glucose status.
- Figure 5—
Meta-analysis of CHD secondary-prevention trials of effects of statin therapy in patients with a history of diabetes and patients with IFG or NFG: effects of statin drugs on CHD end points. Risk reductions and SEs were calculated using a fixed-effects model.
Tables
- Table 1—
Baseline characteristics of 9,014 patients in the LIPID study by glucose status
Characteristic Diabetes IFG NFG n 1,077 940 6,997 Age (years) 64 (57–68) 63 (55–67.5) 62 (55–67) Age-group (years) ≥65 45 40 38 Sex Female 19 15 17 Qualifying event Myocardial infarction 63 62 64 Unstable angina 37 38 36 Coronary risk factors Current smoker 9 11 9 History of hypertension 52 46 39 Obesity 32 25 15 Other vascular disease Claudication 15 10 9 History of stroke 6 6 3 Drug use Insulin 10 0 0 Oral hypoglycemic 38 0 0 Data are percent of median (interquartile range). * The differences in the proportions among the three groups were significant (χ2 test for heterogeneity P < 0.05) for all baseline characteristics.
- Table 2—
Baseline serum lipid and glucose levels (mmol/l) by glucose status
Lipid Diabetes IFG NFG n 1,077 940 6,997 Total cholesterol 5.56 (4.98–6.10) 5.62 (5.09–6.27) 5.67 (5.09–6.22) LDL cholesterol 3.70 (3.16–4.20) 3.80 (3.33–4.38) 3.91 (3.42–4.43) HDL cholesterol 0.86 (0.75–1.01) 0.90 (0.78–1.04) 0.93 (0.80–1.09) Triglycerides 1.90 (1.36–2.69) 1.72 (1.26–2.40) 1.53 (1.14–2.08) Total/HDL cholesterol ratio 6.41 (5.38–7.53) 6.26 (5.21–7.36) 6.03 (5.09–7.05) Apolipoprotein B 1.35 (1.19–1.53) 1.34 (1.18–1.52) 1.32 (1.16–1.49) Fasting glucose 7.7 (6.9–9.4) 6.3 (6.2–6.6) 5.2 (4.9–5.5) Data are median (interquartile range).
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