Effective Exercise Modality to Reduce Insulin Resistance in Women With Type 2 Diabetes

Clinical Care/Education/Nutrition

¹St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
²School of Human Kinetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
³Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Darcye Cuff, Healthy Heart Program, Rm. B180, St. Paul’s Hospital, 1081 Burrard St., Vancouver BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6. E-mail: dcuff{at}providencehealth.bc.ca

Diabetes Care 2003 Nov; 26(11): 2977-2982. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.11.2977

Article Figures & Tables

Table 1—

Initial subject characteristics

	Control group	Ae+RT	Ae only
n	9	10	9
Age (years)	60.0 ± 2.9	63.4 ± 2.2	59.4 ± 1.9
Duration of diabetes (years)	4.7 ± 1.2	3.7 ± 0.9	3.2 ± 0.6
Number of participants treated with:
Diet only	2	6	6
Single oral agent	3	1	2
Two or more oral agents	4	3	1
Weight (kg)	95.6 ± 6.5	89.5 ± 3.9	81.2 ± 3.8
BMI (kg/m²)	36.7 ± 2.0	33.3 ± 1.5	32.5 ± 1.4
Waist circumference (cm)	119.0 ± 2.1	111.1 ± 2.1	106.1 ± 2.3
(Vo₂ l/min)	1.75 ± 0.12	1.64 ± 0.10	1.68 ± 0.11
Glycosylated hemoglobin (%)	6.9 ± 0.4	6.9 ± 0.4	6.3 ± 0.2
Glucose infusion rate (mg · kg⁻¹ · min⁻¹)	2.29 ± 0.46	2.36 ± 0.33	2.78 ± 0.49
CT
Total abdominal AT (L4–L5) (cm²)	808.4 ± 68.0	720.0 ± 42.0	616.8 ± 41.9
Subcutaneous (cm²)	549.3 ± 50.8	468.9 ± 26.9	401.2 ± 42.9
Visceral (cm²)	259.1 ± 34.4	251.1 ± 22.9	215.7 ± 25.8
Midthigh skeletal muscle
Cross-sectional area (cm²)	225.8 ± 8.9	208 ± 10.0	224.1 ± 15.8
Low-density muscle (cm²)	50.6 ± 4.2	51.3 ± 6.7	49.4 ± 7.3
Normal-density muscle (cm²)	175.3 ± 7.5	156.6 ± 12.8	174.8 ± 11.1

Table 2—

Changes in anthropometric, fitness, CT, and glucose disposal measures after 16 weeks

	Control group			Ae + RT
	Absolute	%	Absolute	%	Absolute	%
Weight (kg)	2.0 ± 1.2	2.1 ± 1.3	−2.9 ± 1.3*	3.2 ± 1.5	−1.2 ± 0.7*	1.5 ± 0.8
Vo_2peak (l/min)	−0.05 ± 0.06	−2.9 ± 3.4	0.17 ± 0.06	10.2 ± 3.7	0.22 ± 0.11	13.1 ± 6.5
Glycosylated hemoglobin (%)	−0.03 ± 0.20	−0.43 ± 0.29	−0.1 ± 0.22	−1.4 ± 3.2	−0.10 ± 0.11	1.59 ± 1.74
Glucose infusion rate (mg · kg⁻¹ · min⁻¹)	0.07 ± 0.28	3.1 ± 12.2	1.82 ± 0.52*	77.1 ± 22.0	0.55 ± 0.36	19.8 ± 12.9
CT
Total abdominal AT (L4–L5) (cm²)	17.1 ± 18.0	2.1 ± 2.2	−48.3 ± 18.4*	−6.7 ± 2.6	−17.0 ± 10.3	−2.8 ± 1.7
Subcutaneous (cm²)	17.4 ± 9.0	3.2 ± 1.6	−22.0 ± 15.4	−4.7 ± 3.3	−8.2 ± 9.7	−2.0 ± 2.4
Visceral (cm²)	−0.4 ± 12.0	−0.15 ± 4.6	−26.3 ± 7.4	−10.5 ± 2.9	−8.8 ± 5.4	−4.1 ± 2.5
Midthigh skeletal muscle
Cross-sectional area (cm²)	0.7 ± 1.6	0.3 ± 0.7	5.9 ± 2.0	2.8 ± 1.0	0.9 ± 2.1	0.4 ± 0.9
Low-density muscle (cm²)	3.2 ± 1.0	6.3 ± 2.0	−4.1 ± 2.5*	−8.0 ± 4.9	−1.4 ± 1.3*	2.8 ± 2.6
Normal-density muscle (cm²)	−3.5 ± 1.7	−2.0 ± 1.0	10.5 ± 2.0*†	6.7 ± 1.3	2.3 ± 1.8*	1.3 ± 1.0