The Combined Effect of Triple Therapy With Rosiglitazone, Metformin, and Insulin Aspart in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1—
Mean HbA1c values before and during 6 months’ intervention in type 2 diabetic patients treated with either NPH or MIX insulin twice daily (○, control group) or with insulin aspart before meals, metformin, and rosiglitazone (•, triple therapy group).
- Figure 2—
Diurnal profiles (from 8:00 a.m. to 7:00 a.m. the next morning) of blood glucose (A) and serum insulin (B) in type 2 diabetic patients treated with either NHP or MIX insulin twice daily (○, control group) or with insulin aspart before meals, metformin, and rosiglitazone (•, triple therapy group). C: Diurnal profiles (from 8:00 a.m. to 7:00 a.m. the next morning) of endogenous and exogenous insulin (insulin aspart) in the triple therapy group.
Tables
- Table 1—
Baseline clinical and biochemical characteristics of the study groups
Control group Triple therapy group Reference material n (male/female) 8 (4/4) 8 (3/5) 10 (8/2) Age (years) 61 ± 2 66 ± 4 56 ± 3 BMI (kg/m2) 31.3 ± 1.9 32.1 ± 2.1 29.0 ± 0.5 HbA1c (%) 9.1 ± 0.4 8.8 ± 0.9 5.4 ± 0.1 Fasting blood glucose (mmol/l) 10.3 ± 1.1 9.3 ± 1.3 5.3 ± 0.1 Fasting serum insulin (pmol/l) 104 ± 10 104 ± 14 30 ± 6 Fasting serum C-peptide (pmol/l) 585 ± 103 715 ± 152 509 ± 50 Insulin dose per day (units/kg body wt) 0.46 ± 0.16 0.42 ± 0.16 0 Duration of diabetes (years) 7.3 ± 0.9 10.9 ± 2.6 0 Years on insulin 3.3 ± 1.2 5.1 ± 2.0 0 Data are means ± SE.
- Table 2—
Clinical and biochemical variables and glucose and lipid metabolic parameters obtained before and after 6 months of treatment
Control group Triple therapy group Before After Before After Body weight (kg) 86 ± 5 87 ± 5 87 ± 7 91 ± 9 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 129 ± 7 132 ± 3 140 ± 7 147 ± 6 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) 76 ± 4 79 ± 2 76 ± 3 78 ± 3 Fasting plasma FFA (mmol/l) 0.67 ± 0.06 0.51 ± 0.05*† 0.70 ± 0.04 0.67 ± 0.06 Fasting plasma LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) 3.0 ± 0.4 3.5 ± 0.4‡ 2.8 ± 0.3 3.4 ± 0.5 Fasting plasma HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) 1.14 ± 0.07 1.07 ± 0.08 1.46 ± 0.15 1.53 ± 0.16† Fasting plasma triglycerides (mmol/l) 2.6 ± 0.5 2.1 ± 0.3 1.1 ± 0.2 1.3 ± 0.2† Hemoglobin (mmol/l) 8.1 ± 0.3 8.1 ± 0.4 8.7 ± 0.4 8.0 ± 0.4‡ Alanin aminotransferase (units/l) 27 ± 6 24 ± 5 29 ± 9 17 ± 4.0 Alkaline phosphatase (units/l) 180 ± 17 214 ± 19 194 ± 13 152 ± 8* Basal serum insulin (pmol/l) 104 ± 12 100 ± 24 187 ± 58 76 ± 28 Clamp serum insulin (pmol/l) 504 ± 47 400 ± 25 635 ± 102 397 ± 36 Basal HGP mg · min−1 · m−2 81.6 ± 3.7 88.7 ± 5.2 82.1 ± 5.6 86.7 ± 6.3 Clamp HGP mg · min−1 · m−2 30.2 ± 2.7 21.4 ± 4.5 37.4 ± 7.3 22.0 ± 4.0 Si, 10−2 mg · min−1 · m−3 per pmol/l per mmol/l 6.5 ± 1.1 6.3 ± 0.5 8.5 ± 1.3 10.3 ± 1.0‡§ Basal glucose oxidation mg · min−1 · m−2 59.9 ± 7.4 66.1 ± 9.8 43.8 ± 5.6 52.0 ± 7.7 Clamp glucose oxidation mg · min−1 · m−2 84.5 ± 11.0 82.7 ± 11.5 83.7 ± 10.0 106.8 ± 5.5‡ Clamp glucose storage mg · min−1 · m−2 53.2 ± 12.3 68.9 ± 17.2 51.3 ± 16.8 67.5 ± 7.1 Basal lipid oxidation mg · min−1 · m−2 30.3 ± 4.7 34.1 ± 3.2 41.7 ± 4.7 39.3 ± 4.4 Clamp lipid oxidation mg · min−1 · m−2 22.8 ± 4.7 27.0 ± 2.6 23.6 ± 6.2 15.5 ± 3.7‡† Data are means ± SE. Si is calculated as Rd/(I × PG), where Rd is the tracer calculated rate of disappearance, I is the incremental serum insulin during the clamp, and PG is plasma glucose concentration.
↵* P < 0.01 before versus after;
↵† P < 0.05 triple therapy versus control;
↵‡ P < 0.05 before versus after;
↵§ P < 0.01 triple therapy versus control.
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