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Clinical Care/Education/Nutrition

A 5-Year Randomized Controlled Study of Learning, Problem Solving Ability, and Quality of Life Modifications in People With Type 2 Diabetes Managed by Group Care

  1. Marina Trento, BED SCI1,
  2. Pietro Passera, MD1,
  3. Enrica Borgo, MD1,
  4. Marco Tomalino, MD1,
  5. Marina Bajardi, B PSYCH1,
  6. Franco Cavallo, MD2 and
  7. Massimo Porta, MD, PHD1
  1. 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
  2. 2Department of Public Health and Microbiology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
  1. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Prof. Massimo Porta, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, corso AM Dogliotti 14, I-10126 Torino, Italy. E-mail: massimo.porta{at}unito.it
Diabetes Care 2004 Mar; 27(3): 670-675. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.3.670
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    Fig. 1—

    Participant flow.

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  • Table 1—

    Biochemical and clinical variables at baseline and year 5 in patients followed by group care (n = 42) and in control subjects (n = 42).

    Baseline5 yearsIncrease/decreaseP*
    Knowledge of diabetes (GISED score)
        Group care15.5 ± 7.927.9 ± 5.712.4 (9.7 to 15.2)<0.001
        Control subjects21.4 ± 7.218.0 ± 8.5−3.4 (−1.1 to −5.7)
    Problem solving ability (CdR score)
        Group care11.4 ± 2.617.1 ± 2.45.7 (4.6 to 6.8)<0.001
        Control subjects12.3 ± 4.210 ± 3.8−2.3 (−1.1 to −3.4)
    Quality of life (DQOL/Mod score)
        Group care67.4 ± 19.043.7 ± 7.2−23.7 (−30.0 to −17.3)<0.001
        Control subjects70.0 ± 21.489.2 ± 30.119.2 (8.4 to 29.9)
    Body weight (kg)
        Group care79.6 ± 13.776.1 ± 12.9−3.5 (−5.2 to −1.8)0.015
        Control subjects77.5 ± 16.077.3 ± 16−0.24 (−1.9 to 1.5)
    BMI (kg/m2)
        Group care30.0 ± 4.728.6 ± 4.1−1.4 (−2.0 to −0.7)0.067
        Control subjects27.7 ± 4.627.6 ± 4.4−0.10 (−0.7 to 0.5)
    Fasting blood glucose
        Group care
            mmol/l9.8 ± 2.69.4 ± 2.3−0.4 (−1.52 to 0.70)NS
            mg/dl177 ± 49170 ± 42−7.3 (−27.4 to 12.7)
        Control subjects
            mmol/l9.9 ± 3.210.2 ± 2.90.3 (−0.99 to 1.51)
            mg/dl179 ± 57184 ± 524.7 (−17.9 to 27.3)
    HbA1c (percentage of total Hb) [3.9–5.1]
        Group care7.4 ± 1.47.3 ± 1.0−0.1 (−0.5 to 0.4)<0.001
        Control subjects7.4 ± 1.49.0 ± 1.61.7 (1.1 to 2.2)
    Creatinine
        Group care
            μmol/l [44.2–114.9]91.94 ± 14.1475.14 ± 25.63−16.79 (−25.63 to −10.60)NS
            mg/dl [0.5–1.3]1.04 ± 0.160.85 ± 0.29−0.19 (−0.29 to −0.12)
        Control subjects
            μmol/l [44.2–114.9]91.05 ± 14.1478.67 ± 47.73−12.37 (−26.52 to 2.65)
            mg/dl [0.5–1.3]1.03 ± 0.170.89 ± 0.54−0.14 (−0.3 to 0.03)
    Total cholesterol
        Group care
            mmol/l [2.59–6.21]5.84 ± 1.115.50 ± 1.06−0.32 (−0.68 to 0.03)NS
            mg/dl [100–240]225 ± 42213 ± 41−12.6 (−26.3 to 1.0)
        Control subjects
            mmol/l [2.59–6.21]5.46 ± 0.935.27 ± 1.13−0.43 (−0.54 to 0.10)
            mg/dl [100–240]212 ± 35204 ± 44−8.5 (−21.2 to 4.2)
    HDL cholesterol
        Group care
            mmol/l [0.90–1.68]1.27 ± 0.311.39 ± 0.330.14 (0.07 to 0.22)NS
            mg/dl [35–65]49 ± 1254 ± 135.7 (2.7 to 8.7)
        Control subjects
            mmol/l [0.90–1.68]1.32 ± 0.311.42 ± 0.310.10 (−0.02 to 0.23)
            mg/dl [35–65]51 ± 1255 ± 123.9 (−0.9 to 8.8)
    Triglyceride
        Group care
            mmol/l [0.56–1.98]2.54 (0.66–11.49)2.17 ± 2.30−0.48 (−1.15 to 0.20)NS
            mg/dl [50–175]235 ± 205193 ± 204−42.3 (−102.0 to 17.9)
        Control subjects
            mmol/l [0.56–1.98]1.81 (0.51–5.22)1.52 ± 0.75−0.28 (−0.60 to 0.03)
            mg/dl [50–175]160 ± 88135 ± 67−25.5 (−53.9 to 2.9)
    • Data are means ± SD or means (95% CI); values in square brackets refer to the normal reference ranges in the laboratory.

    • *

      ↵* Difference between group care and control subjects.

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A 5-Year Randomized Controlled Study of Learning, Problem Solving Ability, and Quality of Life Modifications in People With Type 2 Diabetes Managed by Group Care
Marina Trento, Pietro Passera, Enrica Borgo, Marco Tomalino, Marina Bajardi, Franco Cavallo, Massimo Porta
Diabetes Care Mar 2004, 27 (3) 670-675; DOI: 10.2337/diacare.27.3.670

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A 5-Year Randomized Controlled Study of Learning, Problem Solving Ability, and Quality of Life Modifications in People With Type 2 Diabetes Managed by Group Care
Marina Trento, Pietro Passera, Enrica Borgo, Marco Tomalino, Marina Bajardi, Franco Cavallo, Massimo Porta
Diabetes Care Mar 2004, 27 (3) 670-675; DOI: 10.2337/diacare.27.3.670
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