Heart Failure Prevalence, Incidence, and Mortality in the Elderly With Diabetes
Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1—
Five-year Kaplan-Meier survival estimates for 115,803 adults age ≥65 years in fee-for-service Medicare with diabetes by incident heart failure status.
Tables
- Table 1—
Baseline characteristics of study population with diabetes in Medicare in 1994 by heart failure status
Cohort in 1994 No heart failure Prevalent heart failure n 117,933 33,805 Age (years) 73.8 ± 6.4 76.3 ± 7.1 Woman 59.4 61.8 White race* 84.0 83.7 Black race* 11.8 12.0 Other/missing race* 4.2 4.3 Dual eligible 15.3 23.7 Hypertension 59.8 68.1 Ischemic heart disease 30.4 67.4 Peripheral vascular disease 17.8 30.1 Stroke/transient ischemic attack 15.3 28.6 Nephropathy 4.0 16.4 End-stage renal disease 0.4 2.2 Retinopathy 14.6 17.3 Neuropathy 14.0 19.6 Metabolic acidosis/coma 4.0 6.1 Hypoglycemia 2.3 4.6 Data are % and mean ± SD. Dual eligible persons qualify for Medicaid coverage. All comparisons are significant at P < 0.001 except for
- *
↵* those that are not significant.
- Table 2—
Prevalence of heart failure in 1994 among adults with diabetes aged ≥65 years in Medicare and incidence of heart failure during 1995–1999 among those free of heart failure in 1994
Demographic group Prevalent heart failure in 1994 Incident heart failure during 1995–1999 n 151,738 115,803 All 22.3 12.6 Men 21.2 12.5 Women 23.0 12.7 Whites 22.4 12.8 Blacks 22.6 12.8 Age 65–69 years 15.7 8.4 Age 70–74 years 19.6 9.8 Age 75–79 years 23.8 12.2 Age 80–84 years 29.6 15.8 Age ≥85 years 37.4 20.5 Data are % (prevalence) or rate per 100 person-years (incidence) by demographic group.
- Table 3—
Association between selected baseline demographic characteristics and comorbidities with prevalent and incident heart failure among adults with diabetes aged ≥65 years
Characteristics Prevalent heart failure in 1994 Incident heart failure during 1995–1999 OR 95% CI HR 95% CI n 151,738 115,803 Women 1.10 1.07–1.13 0.96 0.94–0.98 5-year age interval 1.28 1.27–1.29 1.23 1.22–1.24 Black (vs. white) 0.94 0.90–0.98 0.95 0.92–0.98 Other race (vs. white) 0.84 0.79–0.89 0.80 0.76–0.84 Dual eligible 1.51 1.45–1.56 1.30 1.26–1.33 South (vs. Northeast) 1.06 1.02–1.1 0.97* 0.94–0.99 Midwest (vs. Northeast) 1.14 1.10–1.19 1.03* 1.01–1.06 West (vs. Northeast) 1.15 1.10–1.20 0.95 0.92–0.98 Ischemic heart disease 4.14 4.03–4.26 1.62 1.59–1.66 Hypertension 1.21 1.18–1.25 1.10 1.07–1.12 Stroke/TIA 1.40 1.35–1.44 1.24 1.20–1.27 Peripheral vascular disease 1.36 1.32–1.41 1.25 1.22–1.28 Nephropathy 3.51 3.34–3.68 1.53 1.46–1.59 End-stage renal disease 1.43 1.25–1.63 1.99 1.77–2.24 Metabolic acidosis/coma 1.17 1.1–1.24 1.11 1.06–1.16 Hypoglycemia 1.37 1.28–1.48 1.15 1.08–1.21 Amputation 1.37 1.22–1.55 0.99† 0.89–1.10 Retinopathy 1.11 1.07–1.16 1.25 1.22–1.29 Neuropathy 1.12 1.08–1.16 1.16 1.13–1.19 Results presented are from multivariate logistic (prevalence) and proportional hazards (incidence) models including all characteristics listed in the table. TIA, transient ischemic attack. All P values are <0.001, except
- *
↵* P < 0.05 and
- †
† not significant.
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