Acute Alcohol Consumption Improves Insulin Action Without Affecting Insulin Secretion in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects
Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1—
Blood ethanol levels during the FSIGT with alcohol in control subjects (○) and type 2 diabetic subjects (•). No significant difference was detected at any data point.
- Figure 2—
Time course of plasma glucose concentration during intravenous glucose tolerance test without (○) and with (•) alcohol consumption in control (A) and type 2 diabetic (B) subjects. Glucose bolus (0.3 g/kg) is given at time 0, and insulin (0.03 U/kg) is infused from 20 to 25 min. Insets show the comparison between the values of the total insulin area (103 pmol/l in 180 min) under the concentration curves (empty bars: without alcohol; solid bars: with alcohol); no significant difference was detected within groups.
- Figure 3—
Time course of plasma lactate concentration during intravenous glucose tolerance test without (○) and with (•) alcohol consumption in control (A) and type 2 diabetic (B) subjects.
- Figure 4—
Time course of plasma FFA concentration during intravenous glucose tolerance test without (○) and with (•) alcohol consumption in control (A) and type 2 diabetic (B) subjects.
Tables
- Table 1—
Subjects’ clinical characteristics
Control subjects Type 2 diabetic subjects P Age (years) 58 ± 3 65 ± 2 NS Sex (women/men) 2/6 1/7 NS Duration of diabetes (years) — 9 ± 2 BMI (kg/m2) 28.9 ± 2.4 29.3 ± 0.9 NS Waist circumference (cm) 93 ± 2 98 ± 4 NS Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 137 ± 3 139 ± 5 NS Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) 81 ± 2 83 ± 3 NS HbA1c (%) — 8.2 ± 0.6 Plasma cholesterol (mmol/l) 5.12 ± 0.28 5.64 ± 0.31 NS Plasma HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) 1.24 ± 0.052 1.40 ± 0.13 NS Plasma triglycerides (mmol/l) 1.13 ± 0.18 1.62 ± 0.18 NS Data are means ± SEM.
- Table 2—
Basal levels before the FSIGT
Control subjects Type 2 diabetic subjects Basal Alcohol Basal Alcohol Glucose (mmol/l) 5.5 ± 0.2 5.6 ± 0.2 8.8 ± 0.8* 9.1 ± 0.8* Insulin (pmol/l) 40 ± 7 142 ± 17 59 ± 7 67 ± 16 C-peptide (nmol/l) 0.549 ± 0.062 0.602 ± 0.119 0.615 ± 0.092 0.569 ± 0.079 Lactate (mmol/l) 0.637 ± 0.042 0.616 ± 0.050 0.782 ± 0.133 0.999 ± 0.145† FFAs (mmol/l) 0.318 ± 0.044 0.359 ± 0.020 0.637 ± 0.094* 0.547 ± 0.112 - Table 3—
Insulin and C-peptide AUC for different time intervals and metabolic parameters during FSIGT without (control) and with alcohol
Parameter Unit Control subjects Type 2 diabetic subjects P value between control studies P value between alcohol studies Control study Alcohol study P Control study Alcohol study P Total insulin AUC pmol/l in 180 min 44.1 ± 5.9 33.4 ± 6.5 NS 57.1 ± 8.8 48.6 ± 9.1 NS NS NS Total C-peptide AUC nmol/l in 180 min 149 ± 19 175 ± 29 NS 130 ± 23 144 ± 24 NS NS NS Suprabasal insulin AUC (early phase [0–15]) pmol/l in 15 min 0.6 ± 0.12 0.72 ± 0.24 NS 0.24 ± 0.06 0.30 ± 0.12 NS 0.003 0.009 Suprabasal C-peptide AUC (early phase [0–15]) nmol/l in 15 min 13.9 ± 2.6 16.6 ± 4.3 NS 9.3 ± 1.3 8.9 ± 1.3 NS 0.0006 0.004 Total C-peptide AUC (second phase [20–180]) nmol/l in 180 min 120 ± 16 141 ± 23 NS 115 ± 21 129 ± 23 NS NS NS Glucose effectiveness min−1 0.027 ± 0.002 0.025 ± 0.003 NS 0.019 ± 0.003 0.023 ± 0.003 NS NS NS Si 10−4 min−1 · μU−1 · ml 2.88 ± 0.76 4.52 ± 0.95 0.028 0.93 ± 0.26 2.47 ± 0.57 0.009 0.029 NS AIRg pmol/l 232 ± 62 278 ± 24 NS 16 ± 7 23 ± 8 NS 0.003 0.009 Disposition index 10−4 min−1 83 ± 19 157 ± 38 0.025 3 ± 2 10 ± 4 0.022 0.008 0.007 Data are means ± SEM unless otherwise indicated. Time intervals (minutes) during which the variables are calculated are reported in brackets.
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