Tuberculosis and Diabetes in Southern Mexico
Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1—
Impact of undersampling and increase in interval between dates of successive matching fingerprints on the estimate of the ratio of incidence rates for the diabetic and nondiabetic populations for clustered cases (□), reactivated cases (•), and total cases (▵). A: Random deletion of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% showed that the undersampling would not be expected to bias the estimate of the ratio of rates of tuberculosis among diabetic and nondiabetic populations. B: Exclusion of clusters beginning in each of the years from 1995 to 2002 showed that the ratio of incidence rates for the diabetic and nondiabetic populations remained relatively stable, although the CI increased, particularly when the number of clusters decreased during the most recent years. C: Increase in the interval between dates of successive matching fingerprints had no impact on the estimate for the ratio of incidence rates for the diabetic and nondiabetic populations.
Tables
- Table 1—
Sociodemographic, clinical, bacteriologic, and therapeutic characteristics of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis according to diagnosis of diabetes, Orizaba, Veracruz, 1995–2003
Total population Diabetic patients Nondiabetic patients P* n 581 172 409 Sociodemographic Household visit to invite participation 32 23.5 35.6 <0.0001 Age (years) 44 (19–86) 53 (23–82) 39 (19–86) <0.0001 Men 59.9 55.2 61.9 0.1 Indigenous origin 23.2 18.0 25.4 0.05 Rural and industrial workers 22.9 15.7 25.9 0.007 Bacille Calmette-Guérin scar 44.2 30.8 49.9 <0.0001 Previous hospitalization 50.4 62.8 45.2 <0.0001 Residence in shelters 3.8 0.0 5.4 0.002 Social security 34.9 51.7 27.9 <0.0001 Alcohol use 47.7 40.7 50.6 0.02 Household crowding 36.3 28.1 39.0 0.01 Household with earthen floor 19.7 11.9 23.0 0.002 Clinical HIV infection 2.7 1.2 3.3 0.2 BMI (<18 kg/m2) 22.8 8.1 28.9 <0.0001 Hemoptysis 32.9 34.5 32.3 0.6 Fever 75.9 77.9 75.1 0.5 Cavities 35.8 42.8 32.9 0.02 Interval between initiation of symptoms and treatment (days) 104 (3–3,248) 99 (4–1,569) 109 (3–3,248) 0.8 Bacteriologic Resistance to isoniazid and rifampin 5.7 8.1 4.7 0.1 Other resistance 14.5 14.0 14.7 0.8 Treatment outcome Cure 82.7 82.4 82.9 0.9 Failure 2.5 4.8 1.5 0.02 Default 9.9 9.1 10.2 0.7 Retreatment 7.0 9.3 6.1 0.2 All-cause mortality 16.4 19.8 14.9 0.1 Death from tuberculosis 7.9 5.8 8.8 0.2 Death from other causes 8.4 14.0 2.4 0.001 Data are % or median (range).
- *
↵* For comparison between diabetic and nondiabetic patients; χ2 and Wilcoxon’s tests were used.
- Table 2—
Incidence rates (per 100,000 person-years) among diabetic and nondiabetic populations (clustering within 1 year of diagnosis)
Age-group (years) TB patients with diabetes (n) Incidence rate of TB among diabetic population TB patients without diabetes (n) Incidence rate of TB among nondiabetic population Ratio of rates (95% CI) P Population attributable risk (%) Clustered cases 20–44 18 127.3 62 6.9 18.6 (10.3–31.8) <0.0001 21 45–64 15 39.3 25 8.0 4.9 (2.4–9.6) <0.0001 29 65–89 9 30.2 12 10.1 3.0 (1.1–7.8) 0.01 28 Total 42 51.2 99 7.4 6.9 (4.7–9.9) <0.0001 25 Reactivated cases 20–44 25 176.8 192 21.2 8.3 (5.3–12.7) <0.0001 10 45–64 78 204.1 75 24.1 8.5 (6.0–11.8) <0.0001 44 65–89 27 90.7 43 36.1 2.5 (1.5–4.2) 0.0004 23 Total 130 158.3 310 23.2 6.8 (5.5–8.4) <0.0001 25 Total cases 20–44 43 304.2 254 28.1 10.8 (7.6–14.9) <0.0001 13 45–64 93 243.4 100 32.2 7.6 (5.6–10.1) <0.0001 41 65–89 36 121.0 55 46.2 2.6 (1.7–4.0) <0.0001 24 Total 172 209.5 409 30.7 6.8 (5.7–8.2) <0.0001 25 TB, tuberculosis.
