Differences in Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Insulin Resistance, and Insulin Secretion in Individuals With Normal Glucose Tolerance and in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Regulation: The Telde Study

Francisco J. Nóvoa; Mauro Boronat; Pedro Saavedra; Juan M. Díaz-Cremades; Valois F. Varillas; Fátima La Roche; María P. Alberiche; Armando Carrillo

doi:10.2337/diacare.28.10.2388

Epidemiology/Health Services/Psychosocial Research

Differences in Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Insulin Resistance, and Insulin Secretion in Individuals With Normal Glucose Tolerance and in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Regulation

The Telde Study

Francisco J. Nóvoa, MD, PHD1,
Mauro Boronat, MD1,
Pedro Saavedra, PHD2,
Juan M. Díaz-Cremades, MD, PHD3,
Valois F. Varillas, MD4,
Fátima La Roche, MD1,
María P. Alberiche, MD1 and
Armando Carrillo, MD1

¹Endocrinology and Nutrition Section, Hospital Universitario Insular, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
²Mathematics Department, University of Las Palmas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
³Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario Insular, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
⁴Hospital General de Fuerteventura, Puerto del Rosario, Las Palmas, Spain

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Francisco J. Nóvoa, Endocrinology and Nutrition Section, Hospital Universitario Insular, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35016, Spain. E-mail: fnovoa{at}dcmq.ulpgc.es

Diabetes Care 2005 Oct; 28(10): 2388-2393. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.28.10.2388

Article Figures & Tables

Tables

Table 1—

Characteristics of the survey population by group

	NGT	Isolated IFG	Isolated IGT	IFG/ IGT	P	Homogeneity groups
n	663	132	59	48	—	—
Age	45.1 ± 10.8	48.0 ± 10.4	53.6 ± 14.7	52.7 ± 11.0	<0.001	{1,2} {2,4} {3,4}
Sex (%)
Men	37.9	54.5	44.1	52.1	—	—
Women	62.1	45.5	55.9	47.9	0.002	{1,3} {2,3,4}
Familial diabetes (%)	36.7	45.5	35.6	50.0	0.088	—
Smoking (%)	26.8	22.7	28.8	18.8	0.468	—
Alcohol drinking (%)
<30 g/day	27.2	30.3	18.6	35.4	—	—
≥30 g/day	5.7	9.1	10.2	4.2	0.242	—
Education level (%)
First grade or below	29.4	35.6	52.5	54.2	—	—
Secondary/tertiary	70.6	64.4	47.5	45.8	<0.001	{1,2} {3,4}

Data are n, means ± SD, or %.

Table 2—

Prevalences and means, adjusted by age, of CVD risk factors, metabolic syndrome, and insulin sensitivity and secretion indexes

	NGT	Isolated IFG	Isolated IGT	IFG/IGT	P	Homogeneity groups
n	663	132	59	48	—	—
A1C (%)	4.88 (4.85–4.91)	4.99 (4.92–5.05)	4.95 (4.85–5.04)	5.29 (5.18–5.39)	<0.001	{1,3} {2,3} {4}
Hypertension (%)	30.1	34.5	39.6	55.4	<0.001	{1,2,3} {4}
Waist (cm)	93.9 (93.0–94.9)	97.6 (95.5–99.7)	99.9 (96.8–103.1)	103.1 (99.7–106.6)	<0.001	{1} {2,3} {3,4}
Waist-to-hip ratio (cm)	0.91 (0.91–0.92)	0.94 (0.93–0.96)	0.94 (0.92–0.96)	0.95 (0.93–0.98)	<0.001	{1,3} {2,3,4}
BMI (kg/m²)	27.4 (27.0–27.7)	28.4 (27.6–29.1)	29.6 (28.4–30.8)	31.0 (29.7–32.3)	<0.001	{1,2} {2,3} {3,4}
Total cholesterol (mmol/l)	5.43 (5.36–5.50)	5.63 (5.47–5.79)	5.38 (5.24–5.62)	5.74 (5.48–6.00)	0.022	—
HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)	1.43 (1.41–1.45)	1.42 (1.37–1.48)	1.37 (1.29–1.45)	1.32 (1.23–1.41)	0.097	—
LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)	3.44 (3.38–3.50)	3.57 (3.43–3.71)	3.30 (3.09–3.51)	3.65 (3.42–3.88)	0.047	—
Triglycerides (mmol/l)*	1.10 (1.06–1.14)	1.23 (1.13–1.34)	1.41 (1.25–1.60)	1.49 (1.30–1.71)	<0.001	{1,2} {2,3,4}
Fibrinogen (mg/dl)	3.17 (3.12–3.22)	3.10 (3.00–3.21)	3.26 (3.09–3.42)	3.27 (3.09–3.45)	0.290	—
von Willebrand factor (IU/dl)	107 (104–110)	100 (94–106)	113 (104–122)	107 (97–117)	0.076	—
Homocysteine (μmol/l)	11.3 (10.9–11.8)	12.0 (11.0–12.9)	11.4 (9.9–12.8)	11.4 (9.8–12.9)	0.709	—
PAI-1 (ng/ml)	25.5 (24.2–26.8)	30.1 (27.2–33.0)	32.5 (28.1–37.0)	38.1 (33.2–43.0)	<0.001	{1} {2,3} {3,4}
C-reactive protein ≤1 (%)	96.5	95.5	98.3	97.9	0.730	—
Insulin (pmol/l)	45.8 (43.7–47.9)	56.3 (51.0–62.3)	66.8 (57.2–77.9)	76.2 (64.4–90.0)	<0.001	{1} {2,3} {3,4}
Lipoprotein(a) (mg/l)	136.9 (126.0–148.8)	135.2 (112.3–162.8)	109.7 (82.8–145.3)	158.3 (116.1–215.9)	0.353	—
Metabolic syndrome (%)	13.2	57.2	64.4	75.6	<0.001	{1} {2,3} {4}
HOMA-IR	1.31 (1.25–1.38)	1.99 (1.78–2.23)	1.88 (1.58–2.23)	2.81 (2.33–3.40)	<0.001	{1} {2,3} {4}
HOMA-β	22.24 (21.05–23.50)	22.33 (19.75–25.25)	33.08 (27.41–39.96)	31.56 (25.74–38.74)	<0.001	{1,2} {3,4}
McAuley index	8.39 (8.21–8.57)	7.66 (7.26–8.05)	7.19 (6.59–7.79)	6.56 (5.89–7.22)	<0.001	{1} {2,3} {3,4}
QUICKI	0.37 (0.37–0.38)	0.35 (0.34–0.36)	0.35 (0.34–0.36)	0.33 (0.31–0.34)	<0.001	{1} {2,3} {4}