Differences in Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Insulin Resistance, and Insulin Secretion in Individuals With Normal Glucose Tolerance and in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Regulation
The Telde Study
Article Figures & Tables
Tables
- Table 1—
Characteristics of the survey population by group
NGT Isolated IFG Isolated IGT IFG/ IGT P Homogeneity groups n 663 132 59 48 — — Age 45.1 ± 10.8 48.0 ± 10.4 53.6 ± 14.7 52.7 ± 11.0 <0.001 {1,2} {2,4} {3,4} Sex (%) Men 37.9 54.5 44.1 52.1 — — Women 62.1 45.5 55.9 47.9 0.002 {1,3} {2,3,4} Familial diabetes (%) 36.7 45.5 35.6 50.0 0.088 — Smoking (%) 26.8 22.7 28.8 18.8 0.468 — Alcohol drinking (%) <30 g/day 27.2 30.3 18.6 35.4 — — ≥30 g/day 5.7 9.1 10.2 4.2 0.242 — Education level (%) First grade or below 29.4 35.6 52.5 54.2 — — Secondary/tertiary 70.6 64.4 47.5 45.8 <0.001 {1,2} {3,4} -
Data are n, means ± SD, or %.
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- Table 2—
Prevalences and means, adjusted by age, of CVD risk factors, metabolic syndrome, and insulin sensitivity and secretion indexes
NGT Isolated IFG Isolated IGT IFG/IGT P Homogeneity groups n 663 132 59 48 — — A1C (%) 4.88 (4.85–4.91) 4.99 (4.92–5.05) 4.95 (4.85–5.04) 5.29 (5.18–5.39) <0.001 {1,3} {2,3} {4} Hypertension (%) 30.1 34.5 39.6 55.4 <0.001 {1,2,3} {4} Waist (cm) 93.9 (93.0–94.9) 97.6 (95.5–99.7) 99.9 (96.8–103.1) 103.1 (99.7–106.6) <0.001 {1} {2,3} {3,4} Waist-to-hip ratio (cm) 0.91 (0.91–0.92) 0.94 (0.93–0.96) 0.94 (0.92–0.96) 0.95 (0.93–0.98) <0.001 {1,3} {2,3,4} BMI (kg/m2) 27.4 (27.0–27.7) 28.4 (27.6–29.1) 29.6 (28.4–30.8) 31.0 (29.7–32.3) <0.001 {1,2} {2,3} {3,4} Total cholesterol (mmol/l) 5.43 (5.36–5.50) 5.63 (5.47–5.79) 5.38 (5.24–5.62) 5.74 (5.48–6.00) 0.022 — HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) 1.43 (1.41–1.45) 1.42 (1.37–1.48) 1.37 (1.29–1.45) 1.32 (1.23–1.41) 0.097 — LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) 3.44 (3.38–3.50) 3.57 (3.43–3.71) 3.30 (3.09–3.51) 3.65 (3.42–3.88) 0.047 — Triglycerides (mmol/l)* 1.10 (1.06–1.14) 1.23 (1.13–1.34) 1.41 (1.25–1.60) 1.49 (1.30–1.71) <0.001 {1,2} {2,3,4} Fibrinogen (mg/dl) 3.17 (3.12–3.22) 3.10 (3.00–3.21) 3.26 (3.09–3.42) 3.27 (3.09–3.45) 0.290 — von Willebrand factor (IU/dl) 107 (104–110) 100 (94–106) 113 (104–122) 107 (97–117) 0.076 — Homocysteine (μmol/l) 11.3 (10.9–11.8) 12.0 (11.0–12.9) 11.4 (9.9–12.8) 11.4 (9.8–12.9) 0.709 — PAI-1 (ng/ml) 25.5 (24.2–26.8) 30.1 (27.2–33.0) 32.5 (28.1–37.0) 38.1 (33.2–43.0) <0.001 {1} {2,3} {3,4} C-reactive protein ≤1 (%) 96.5 95.5 98.3 97.9 0.730 — Insulin (pmol/l) 45.8 (43.7–47.9) 56.3 (51.0–62.3) 66.8 (57.2–77.9) 76.2 (64.4–90.0) <0.001 {1} {2,3} {3,4} Lipoprotein(a) (mg/l) 136.9 (126.0–148.8) 135.2 (112.3–162.8) 109.7 (82.8–145.3) 158.3 (116.1–215.9) 0.353 — Metabolic syndrome (%) 13.2 57.2 64.4 75.6 <0.001 {1} {2,3} {4} HOMA-IR 1.31 (1.25–1.38) 1.99 (1.78–2.23) 1.88 (1.58–2.23) 2.81 (2.33–3.40) <0.001 {1} {2,3} {4} HOMA-β 22.24 (21.05–23.50) 22.33 (19.75–25.25) 33.08 (27.41–39.96) 31.56 (25.74–38.74) <0.001 {1,2} {3,4} McAuley index 8.39 (8.21–8.57) 7.66 (7.26–8.05) 7.19 (6.59–7.79) 6.56 (5.89–7.22) <0.001 {1} {2,3} {3,4} QUICKI 0.37 (0.37–0.38) 0.35 (0.34–0.36) 0.35 (0.34–0.36) 0.33 (0.31–0.34) <0.001 {1} {2,3} {4} -
Data are n, means (95% CI), or geometric means (95% CI) for variables with skewed distribution.
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