Blood Glucose and Heart Failure in Nondiabetic Patients
Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1—
Incidence (cases per 1,000 person-years) of heart failure was significantly increased for patients with higher glucose levels of 100–109 mg/dl (n = 6,447, P < 0.001) or 110–125 mg/dl (n = 3,600, P < 0.0001) compared with those who had a baseline glucose level <90 mg/dl (n = 3,275). The subset with baseline glucose levels of 90–99 mg/dl had an incidence rate that was not significantly increased (n = 7,488, P > 0.05).
- Figure 2—
Cox proportionate hazards regression analysis with adjustment for age, sex, BMI, creatinine, blood pressure, diagnoses of hypertension and coronary artery disease, smoking, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, and use of thiazide diuretic, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor, ACE inhibitor, angiotensin receptor, or β-blockers (n = 20,810, 92,700 years at risk, 926 heart failure cases, P < 0.0001). Data represent hazard ratios compared with the subset with baseline glucose levels <90 mg/dl with 95% CI.
- Figure 3—
Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of patients with a baseline glucose level <90, 90–99, 100–109, or 110–125 mg/dl as shown.
Tables
- Table 1—
Subgroup characteristics with respect to baseline glucose determinations
<90 mg/dl 90–99 mg/dl 100–109 mg/dl 110–125 mg/dl n 3,275 7,488 6,447 3,600 Years of care 4.7 ± 1.9 4.6 ± 2.0 4.5 ± 1.93 4.5 ± 1.94 Glucose (mg/dl) 84 ± 5.2 95 ± 2.8 104 ± 2.8 115 ± 4.5 Age (years) 57 ± 14 58 ± 13 59 ± 12 61 ± 12 BMI (kg/m2) 28.1 ± 4.7 28.9 ± 4.8 29.7 ± 5.1 29.9 ± 5.2 Creatinine 1.0 ± 0.26 1.0 ± 0.26 1.0 ± 0.30 1.0 ± 0.30 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 134 ± 13 137 ± 13 138 ± 13 139 ± 13 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) 76 ± 8 77 ± 8 77 ± 8 77 ± 8 LDL (mg/dl) 128 ± 35 129 ± 35 128 ± 34 126 ± 34 HDL (mg/dl) 48 ± 15 47 ± 13 47 ± 13 46 ± 14 Triglycerides (mg/dl) 157 ± 91 168 ± 97 177 ± 99 187 ± 97 Coronary disease (%) 28 28 33 37 Smoker (%) 28 26 26 26 New heart failure diagnosis (%)* 3.5 3.7 4.8 6.0 Time to diagnosis (years)† 3.9 ± 1.8 3.4 ± 1.8 3.4 ± 1.7 3.4 ± 1.7 -
Data are means ± SD. Subgroups based on baseline morning glucose determinations had a similar period of follow-up care after initial laboratory studies. More patients in subgroups with higher glucose had a new diagnosis of heart failure during the period of care (glucose 100–109 or 110–125 compared with <90 mg/dl, P < 0.05). *Percentage of each group that had a new diagnosis of heart failure during their period of care; †time from first laboratory studies until the first diagnosis.
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