Time-Action Profile of Inhaled Insulin in Comparison With Subcutaneously Injected Insulin Lispro and Regular Human Insulin
Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1—
A: Baseline-corrected GIRs registered in 17 healthy volunteers after inhalation of 6 mg insulin, subcutaneous injection of 18 units regular insulin, and subcutaneous injection of 18 units insulin lispro (LOESS smoothed data). B: Cumulative glucodynamic effect. The relative glucose consumption for each of the insulins from the beginning of the glucose clamp to any time point is expressed as a proportion of the total glucose consumption during the entire clamp period (i.e., AUC-GIR0–600).
- Figure 2—
A: Baseline-corrected serum insulin concentration time profile assayed in 17 healthy volunteers after inhalation of 6 mg insulin or subcutaneous injection of 18 units regular insulin (LOESS smoothed data). B: Cumulative insulin exposure. The relative insulin exposure for each of the insulins from the beginning of the glucose clamp to any time point is expressed as a proportion of the total insulin exposure during the entire clamp period (i.e., AUC-insulin0–600).
Tables
- Table 1—
Mean pharmacodynamic summary measures of 6 mg INH, subcutaneous injection of 18 U RHI, and subcutaneous injection of 18 U ILP on three different study days in 17 healthy volunteers (baseline values subtracted)
Serum glucose measures INH (A) ILP (B) RHI (C) Ratio/difference 90% CI P values* Time to early half-maximal effect 32 41 48 −17 (A−C) −24 to −10 <0.001 (tGIRearly 50%) (min)† −10 (A−B) −17 to −3 <0.05 −7 (B−C) −14 to 0 NS Maximal metabolic effect (GIRmax) 8.7 11.2 9.8 89% (A/C) 79–101 NS (mg · kg–1 · min−1)‡ 78% (A/B) 69–88 <0.01 115% (B/C) 101–130 NS Time to maximal effect (tGIRmax) 143 137 193 −49 (A−C) −77 to −21 <0.01 (min) † 7 (A−B) −22 to 35 NS −56 (B−C) −84 to −28 <0.01 Time to late half-maximal effect 387 313 415 −29 (A−C) −71 to 13 NS (tGIRlate 50%) (min)† 74 (A−B) 32–116 <0.01 −103 (B−C) −145 to −61 <0.001 AUC-GIR0–60 (g/kg)‡ 0.23 0.24 0.17 134% (A/C) 107–168 <0.05 96% (A/B) 76–120 NS 140% (B/C) 112–176 <0.05 AUC-GIR0–180 (g/kg)‡ 1.21 1.45 1.17 103% (A/C) 90–119 NS 84% (A/B) 73–96 <0.05 124% (B/C) 108–142 <0.05 AUC-GIR0–600 (g/kg)‡ 3.03 3.16 3.44 88% (A/C) 77–101 NS 96% (A/B) 84–110 NS 92% (B/C) 80–105 NS - Table 2—
Mean pharmacokinetic summary measures after inhalation of 6 mg INH or subcutaneous injection of 18 U RHI on two different study days in 17 healthy volunteers (baseline values subtracted)
Serum insulin measures INH RHI Ratio/difference* 90% CI* P values† Maximal serum insulin concentration (Cmax) (μU/ml)‡ 66.9 61.0 110% (INH/RHI) 86–139 NS Time to maximal concentration (tmax) (min)* 55 148 −93 (INH−RHI) −132 to −54 < 0.001 AUC-Insulin0–60 (μU · ml–1 · min−1)‡ 2,740 1,650 166% (INH/RHI) 120–229 < 0.05 AUC-Insulin0–180 (μU · ml–1 · min–1)‡ 8,390 7,560 111% (INH/RHI) 90–137 NS AUC-Insulin0–600 (μU · ml–1 · min–1)‡ 14,000 17,700 79% (INH/RHI) 67–92 < 0.05
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