C-174G Polymorphism in the Promoter of the Interleukin-6 Gene Is Associated With Insulin Resistance
Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1—
Correlation between log-transformed adipose IL-6 mRNA expression and log-transformed homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) in the cohort of unrelated obese individuals who underwent LAGB (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient ρ = 0.28, P = 0.014).
Tables
- Table 1—
Clinical and biochemical characteristics according to the C-174G polymorphism of the IL-6 gene in 275 nondiabetic individuals
IL-6 promoter genotypes *P †P (G/G vs. C/G + C/C) G/G G/C C/C Male/female (n) 42/100 36/76 7/14 0.88 0.62 Age (years) 39 ± 12 (37) 37 ± 11 (37) 39 ± 10 (41) 0.48 0.43 BMI (kg/m2) 31.2 ± 8.9 (28) 29.4 ± 8.8 (27) 28.5 ± 4.5 (28) 0.17 0.13 Waist-to-hip ratio 0.87 ± 0.10 (0.87) 0.86 ± 0.09 (0.86) 0.85 ± 0.09 (0.85) 0.80 0.80 Total fat mass (%) 37 ± 15 (36) 36 ± 14 (35) 32 ± 8 (31) 0.31 0.23 Fasting glucose (mg/dl) 95 ± 23 (92) 91 ± 12 (91) 91 ± 10 (92) 0.33 0.29 2-h glucose (mg/dl) 120 ± 42 (110) 110 ± 31 (107) 104 ± 26 (105) 0.08 0.09 Fasting insulin (μU/ml) 12 ± 8 (10) 11 ± 9 (10) 11 ± 7 (10) 0.34 0.09 2-h insulin (μU/ml) 66 ± 55 (47) 62 ± 75 (47) 64 ± 85 (43) 0.27 0.19 Total cholesterol (mg/dl) 199 ± 42 (197) 195 ± 36 (192) 196 ± 36 (203) 0.73 0.43 HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) 53 ± 13 (52) 53 ± 14 (52) 50 ± 13 (49) 0.50 0.57 Triglycerides (mg/dl) 122 ± 83 (94) 123 ± 71 (107) 116 ± 47 (105) 0.84 0.32 Fibrinogen (mg/dl) 303 ± 83 (294) 282 ± 63 (275)‡ 289 ± 56 (270) 0.08 0.02 White blood cell count (× 109/ml ) 7,444 ± 1,998 (7,100) 6,872 ± 1,468 (7,020)§ 6,171 ± 1,457 (6,140)‖ 0.04 0.03 Family history of T2DM (n yes/no) 102/39 88/24 19/2 0.14 0.11 NGT/IGT (n) 114/28 94/18 19/2 0.22 0.30 Glucose disposal (mg · kg–1 · min–1) 6.8 ± 2.9 (7.0) 7.8 ± 3.3 (7.7)¶ 8.2 ± 3.3 (7.8)# 0.01 0.004 Fasting IL-6 (pg/ml) 2.5 ± 3.2 (1.7) 1.6 ± 1.4 (1.1)** 1.5 ± 0.8 (1.4) 0.07 0.02 -
Data are means ± SD (median) unless otherwise indicated.
- *
↵* P values for comparisons of differences of continuous variables between the three genotypes using ANOVA.
- †
↵† P values for comparisons of differences of continuous variables between two genotypes using unpaired Student’s t or Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical variables were compared by χ2 test.
- ‡
↵‡ P = 0.03 vs. G/G,
- §
↵§ P = 0.05 vs. G/G,
- ‖
↵‖ P = 0.03 vs. G/G,
- ¶
↵¶ P= 0.01 vs. G/G,
- #
↵# P = 0.05 vs. G/G,
- **
↵** P = 0.03 vs. G/G genotype after least significant difference correction for multiple comparisons. IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; NGT, normal glucose tolerance; T2DM, type 2 diabetes.
-
- Table 2—
Clinical and biochemical characteristics according to the C-174G polymorphism of the IL-6 gene in 77 obese subjects who underwent LAGB
IL-6 promoter genotypes *P †P (G/G vs. G/C + C/C) G/G G/C C/C Male/female (n) 4/33 4/30 2/4 0.30 0.58 Age (years) 39 ± 9 (39) 39 ± 10 (38) 44 ± 10 (41) 0.56 0.60 Weight (kg) 116 ± 17 (113) 127 ± 24 (124)‡ 119 ± 10 (122) 0.08 0.04 BMI (kg/m2) 43.6 ± 5.3 (44.0) 47.5 ± 8.1 (45.6)‡ 42.8 ± 4.0 (43.1) 0.04 0.09 Waist-to-hip ratio 0.86 ± 0.07 (0.85) 0.87 ± 0.07 (0.86) 0.89 ± 0.1 (0.87) 0.68 0.26 Ultrasound thickness of VAT (mm) 84.3 ± 23.3 (79) 89.3 ± 26.9 (88) 95.3 ± 30.1 (108) 0.71 0.46 Ultrasound thickness of SAT (mm) 46.0 ± 8.7 (46) 48.9 ± 8.7 (51) 44.3 ± 15.5 (38) 0.56 0.50 CT scan area of VAT (mm2) 170 ± 26 (126) 203 ± 55 (162) 215 ± 60 (188) 0.66 0.74 CT scan area of SAT (mm2) 493 ± 83 (480) 503 ± 80 (452) 523 ± 90 (497) 0.79 0.81 VAT-to-SAT ratio 0.55 ± 0.45 (0.23) 0.44 ± 0.51 (0.32) 0.41 ± 0.70 (0.25) 0.82 0.58 Fasting glucose (mg/dl) 110 ± 26 (102) 113 ± 36 (102) 113 ± 36 (105) 0.96 0.82 2-h glucose (mg/dl) 143 ± 50 (137) 174 ± 90 (155) 174 ± 90 (156) 0.14 0.11 Fasting insulin (μU/ml) 21 ± 9 (17) 17 ± 7 (15)‡ 11 ± 3 (10)§ 0.02 0.04 2-h insulin (μU/ml) 78 ± 50 (75) 88 ± 75 (65) 81 ± 95 (54) 0.85 0.55 A1C (%) 6.0 ± 1.3 (5.7) 6.4 ± 1.4 (6.2) 5.9 ± 1.4 (5.8) 0.45 0.23 Total cholesterol (mg/dl) 189 ± 41 (182) 220 ± 39 (210)‖ 204 ± 19 (198) 0.006 0.007 HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) 47 ± 12 (46) 51 ± 22 (46) 37 ± 7 (40) 0.25 0.90 Triglycerides (mg/dl) 135 ± 69 (124) 179 ± 139 (148)¶ 179 ± 139 (123)# 0.006 0.04 HOMA 6.4 ± 5.9 (4.5) 4.5 ± 2.1 (4.1) 3.0 ± 0.5 (3.1)** 0.08 0.07 NGT/IGT/IFG/T2DM (n) 24/7/2/4 18/8/1/7 3/2/0/1 0.99 0.79 IL-6 mRNA levels (arbitrary units) 21 ± 19 (13.3) 10 ± 12 (7.0)†† 13 ± 20 (2.4) 0.059 0.04 -
Data are means ± SD (median) unless otherwise indicated.
- *
↵* P values for comparisons of differences of continuous variables between the three genotypes using ANOVA.
- †
↵† P values for comparisons of differences of continuous variables between two genotypes using unpaired Student’s t or Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical variables were compared by χ2 test.
- ‡
↵‡ P = 0.05 vs. G/G,
- §
↵§ P = 0.05 vs. G/G,
- ‖
↵‖ P = 0.002 vs. G/G,
- ¶
↵¶ P = 0.007 vs. G/G,
- #
↵# P = 0.002 vs. G/G,
- **
↵** P = 0.05 vs. G/G, genotype after least significant difference correction for multiple comparisons,
- ††
↵†† P = 0.02 vs. G/G. IFG, impaired fasting glucose; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; NGT, normal glucose tolerance; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; T2DM, type 2 diabetes; VAT, visceral adipose tissue.
-
- Table 3—
Independent predictors of insulin sensitivity after forward stepwise linear regression analysis
Partial r2 (%) Total r2 (%) P (ANOVA) Model A* BMI (kg/m2) 45.8 45.8 0.0001 Triglyceride (mg/dl) 3.2 49.0 0.0001 C-174G polymorphism 2.0 51.0 0.0001 Age (years) 0.9 51.9 0.0001 Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) 1.7 53.6 0.0001 Model B† BMI (kg/m2) 49.8 49.8 0.0001 Triglyceride (mg/dl) 3.9 53.7 0.0001 Waist-to-hip ratio 1.8 55.5 0.0001 Fasting IL-6 concentration (pg/ml) 1.6 57.1 0.0001 - *
↵* Model A includes C-174G polymorphism, sex, age, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, fasting plasma glucose, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides levels.
- †
↵† Model B includes C-174G polymorphism, plasma IL-6 concentrations, sex, age, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, fasting plasma glucose, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides levels.
- *
In this Issue
