Is Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose Appropriate for All Type 2 Diabetic Patients?
The Fremantle Diabetes Study
Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1—
A1C by diabetes treatment type, year of follow-up, and SMBG status for the 531 FDS participants with type 2 diabetes who attended at least six annual assessments.
Tables
- Table 1—
Univariate associates of SMBG at study entry
No SMBG Any SMBG P value n 386 900 Age (years) 66.1 ± 12.3 63.2 ± 10.7 <0.001 Sex (male) 47.4 49.3 0.54 Diabetes duration (years) 4.0 (1.4–10.0) 3.9 (0.9–8.9) 0.08 BMI (kg/m2) 29.7 ± 6.1 29.5 ± 5.2 0.65 A1C (%) 7.6 (6.4–8.9) 7.3 (6.4–8.8) 0.12 FPG (mmol/l) 8.4 (6.9–11.3) 8.5 (6.8–10.7) 0.35 Diabetes control Diet and exercise 35.9 30.4 0.06 OHA 56.8 55.7 0.76 Insulin (±OHA) 7.3 13.9 0.001 Self-reported hypoglycemia 21.3 33.5 <0.001 Ever attended diabetes education 40.7 79.3 <0.001 Coronary heart disease 34.0 30.6 0.24 Cerebrovascular disease 10.6 9.4 0.54 Urinary ACR Normal 54.6 60.0 0.08 Microalbuminuria 33.2 32.1 0.74 Macroalbuminuria 12.2 7.8 0.017 Retinopathy 16.8 16.2 0.80 Neuropathy 32.3 30.1 0.46 Educated > primary level 72.4 74.9 0.36 Not fluent in English 16.8 14.6 0.31 Married/de facto relationship 57.9 69.1 <0.001 Indigenous Australian 2.3 1.0 0.07 General practitioner Attended in previous year 81.9 83.0 0.63 Diabetes clinic/medical specialist Attended in previous year 23.6 38.3 <0.001 Any exercise in past 2 weeks 67.1 74.1 0.012 Smoking status Never 45.4 44.4 0.76 Ex 40.5 40.0 0.90 Current 14.1 15.5 0.55 Daily alcohol consumption (standard drinks/day) 0 (0.0–0.8) 0 (0.0–0.3) 0.027 Rosser Index 0.986 (0.967–1.000) 0.986 (0.956–0.995) 0.040 DQOL Satisfaction 1.5 (1.2–2.0) 1.6 (1.2–2.1) 0.37 Worry 1.5 (1.2–2.0) 1.5 (1.2–2.0) 0.56 Frequency 1.8 (1.5–2.2) 1.8 (1.5–2.2) 0.68 Total 1.7 (1.4–2.1) 1.7 (1.4–2.1) 0.88 -
Data are percent, means ± SD, or median (interquartile range). ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio.
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- Table 2—
Independent associates of SMBG and √(SMBG frequency) at study entry
Any SMBG use Odds ratio (95% CI) P value Ever attended diabetes education 5.40 (4.11–7.09) <0.001 Diabetes duration (increase of 5 years) 0.83 (0.74–0.92) <0.001 Married/de facto relationship 1.86 (1.41–2.46) <0.001 Self-reported hypoglycemia 1.72 (1.25–2.37) 0.001 Attended diabetes clinic/medical specialist in previous year 1.72 (1.26–2.34) 0.001 Insulin (±OHA) use 2.16 (1.24–3.76) 0.006 √(SMBG frequency) Regression coefficient, β P value Insulin (±OHA) 1.21 <0.001 Ever attended diabetes education 0.62 <0.001 Diabetes duration (increase of 5 years) −0.14 <0.001 Self-reported hypoglycemia 0.35 <0.001 Attended diabetes clinic/medical specialist in previous year 0.28 <0.001 √(Daily alcohol consumption) (increase of 1 standard drink) −0.17 0.001 Married/de facto relationship 0.17 0.020 Any exercise in past 2 weeks 0.16 0.035
In this Issue
August 2006, 29(8)
Is Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose Appropriate for All Type 2 Diabetic Patients?
