Sex Differences in Endothelial Function Markers Before Conversion to Pre-Diabetes: Does the Clock Start Ticking Earlier Among Women?
The Western New York Study
Article Figures & Tables
Tables
- Table 1—
Age and age-adjusted mean levels of selected risk factors according to sex and case/control status
Risk factor at baseline Women Men P value for interaction* Case subjects Control subjects P value Case subjects Control subjects P value n 52 156 39 117 Age (years) 61.6 ± 10.8 56.5 ± 10.3 0.001 63.0 ± 11.3 60.9 ± 11.4 0.277 0.215 BMI (kg/m2) 28.8 ± 5.4 27.5 ± 5.3 0.136 25.7 ± 4.9 24.7 ± 3.5 0.161 0.260 Waist (cm) 91.3 ± 12.9 86.2 ± 12.3 0.013 89.7 ± 12.8 86.9 ± 9.2 0.136 0.278 CRP (μg/ml) 4.7 ± 3.5 4.1 ± 2.9 0.236 2.5 ± 2.6 1.8 ± 1.8 0.047 0.951 Interleukin-6 (pg/ml) 3.0 ± 2.1 2.9 ± 1.6 0.734 1.8 ± 1.2 2.1 ± 1.8 0.236 0.337 E-selectin (ng/ml) 51.2 ± 17.9 45.5 ± 18.2 0.058 40.1 ± 16.9 42.0 ± 16.6 0.529 0.033 sICAM-1 (ng/ml) 274.7 ± 61.4 252.5 ± 52.8 0.012 252.2 ± 50.7 255.8 ± 57.7 0.733 0.016 PAI-1 (ng/ml) 37.3 ± 18.8 26.1 ± 16.3 <0.001 27.5 ± 15.6 28.4 ± 17.8 0.769 0.002 Adiponectin (ng/ml) 9.1 ± 5.2 11.4 ± 5.0 0.004 6.8 ± 4.4 7.2 ± 4.0 0.548 0.111 ln triglycerides (mg/dl) 4.7 ± 0.5 4.5 ± 0.5 0.024 4.7 ± 0.6 4.6 ± 0.5 0.172 0.227 Fasting glucose (mg/dl) 91.9 ± 4.8 88.3 ± 5.5 <0.001 94.0 ± 3.6 90.6 ± 5.1 <0.001 0.833 ln ACR (mg/g) 1.91 ± 0.8 1.79 ± 0.7 0.794 1.4 ± 0.9 1.4 ± 0.7 0.265 0.810 HOMA-IR 3.3 ± 1.6 2.8 ± 1.3 0.043 3.7 ± 1.9 3.1 ± 1.8 0.080 0.965 Hypertension (%)† 49.7 27.0 0.004 61.1 47.1 0.110 0.304 -
Data are means ± SD.
- *
↵* Interaction of sex by case-control status. †Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg or receiving treatment.
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- Table 2—
Age- and BMI-adjusted mean levels of selected risk factors according to sex and case/control status
Women Men P value for interaction* Case subjects Control subjects P value Case subjects Control subjects P value n 52 156 39 117 Waist (cm) 87.9 85.6 0.023 92.9 92.4 0.627 0.219 CRP (μg/ml) 4.4 4.0 0.452 2.7 2.2 0.112 0.854 Interleukin-6 (pg/ml) 2.8 2.8 0.856 1.9 2.2 0.159 0.405 E-selectin (ng/ml) 51.0 45.5 0.073 41.1 43.6 0.424 0.036 sICAM-1 (ng/ml) 272.5 252.0 0.022 257.8 264.4 0.523 0.017 PAI-1 (ng/ml) 34.7 25.9 0.001 29.2 31.6 0.420 0.003 Adiponectin (ng/ml) 9.7 11.4 0.023 6.6 6.9 0.636 0.189 ln triglycerides (mg/dl) 4.7 4.5 0.058 4.7 4.6 0.213 0.257 Fasting glucose (mg/dl) 91.6 88.3 <0.001 94.2 90.7 <0.001 0.973 ln ACR (mg/g) 1.6 1.5 0.711 1.8 1.8 0.801 0.823 HOMA-IR 3.3 2.7 0.149 3.6 3.3 0.262 0.829 Hypertension (%)† 46.1 26.9 0.011 65.5 54.5 0.203 0.320 - Table 3—
Age-, BMI-, and HOMA-IR–adjusted mean levels of selected risk factors according to sex and case/control status
Women Men P value for interaction* Case subjects Control subjects P value Case subjects Control subjects P value n 52 156 39 117 Waist (cm) 87.7 85.8 0.056 93.2 92.5 0.511 0.354 CRP (μg/ml) 4.5 4.1 0.457 2.8 2.2 0.110 0.845 Interleukin-6 (pg/ml) 2.8 2.9 0.762 1.9 2.2 0.225 0.458 E-selectin (ng/ml) 51.2 45.5 0.062 40.5 43.2 0.374 0.036 sICAM-1 (ng/ml) 273.0 254.5 0.036 254.8 264.0 0.374 0.010 PAI-1 (ng/ml) 34.6 27.0 0.003 26.8 31.7 0.097 0.001 Adiponectin (ng/ml) 9.6 11.1 0.055 6.8 6.9 0.903 0.131 ln triglycerides (mg/dl) 4.6 4.5 0.230 4.7 4.6 0.363 0.306 ln ACR (mg/g) 1.6 1.5 0.783 1.7 1.8 0.523 0.765 Hypertension (%)† 44.5 28.8 0.035 63.6 54.8 0.306 0.331
In this Issue
February 2007, 30(2)
Sex Differences in Endothelial Function Markers Before Conversion to Pre-Diabetes: Does the Clock Start Ticking Earlier Among Women?
