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Original Articles

Diabetes-Related Autoantibodies and Gestational Diabetes

  1. Alberto de Leiva, MD, PHD, MHE, FACE123,
  2. Dídac Mauricio, MD, PHD1 and
  3. Rosa Corcoy, MD, PHD123
  1. 1Servei d'Endocrinologia i Nutrició, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
  2. 2Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  3. 3Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Área de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanotecnología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
  1. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Prof. Dr. Alberto de Leiva, Servei d'Endocrinologia i Nutrició, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Avinguda Sant Antoni M. Claret, 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain. E-mail: aleiva{at}santpau.es
Diabetes Care 2007 Jul; 30(Supplement 2): S127-S133. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc07-s204
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  • Figure 1—
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    Figure 1—

    ICA titers: GDM versus type 1 diabetes. □, GDM; ▪, type 1 diabetes.

Tables

  • Figures
  • Table 1—

    DRAs in women with GDM

    AuthornICA prevalence (%)IAA prevalence (%)GADA prevalence (%)I-A2A prevalence (%)
    Steel et al. (17)5010
    Ginsberg-Fellner et al. (20)*8835
    Fallucca et al. (18)395
    Freinkel et al. (1)1607.5†
    Stowers et al. (19)‡7212.5
    Catalano et al. (21)‡1871.6
    Bell et al. (22)1812.8
    Stangerberg et al. (23)551.8
    Mauricio et al. (24)30712.4†
    Ziegler et al. (25)5511
    Damm et al. (26)1392.9§0§
    Tuomilehto et al. (50)1125.0
    Beischer et al. (51)‡7341.8
    Mauricio et al. (3)2031
    Petersen et al. (52)1392.2§
    Lapolla et al. (27)682.91.5
    Dozio et al. (28)14510§3.0§0§0§
    Fuchtenbusch et al. (29)4378.5†9.5†6.2†
    Fallucca et al. (53)833.6§
    Whittingham et al. (30)98341
    Panczel et al. (31)‡6814.7
    Kinalski et al. (32)‡1565.1†7.0†3.2†
    Mitchell et al. (54)1006†
    Bartha et al. (33)‡1020.9810.8
    Kousta et al. (55)‡3214.0
    Weng et al. (56)‡664.5§
    Balaji et al. (57)8641 GADA/IA-2†
    Lapolla et al. (34)702.81.40
    Albareda et al. (35)535141.50.2
    Bo et al. (36)1236.5†4.1†
    Järvelä et al. (37)43512.5†5.9†4.7†1.0§
    • Adapted from Lauenborg et al. (84). For groups with several articles on the subject, the first article reporting the prevalence of each autoantibody is included.

    • *

      ↵* The method was later shown to produce false-positive results.

    • †

      ↵† P < 0.05 vs. the control population.

    • ‡

      ↵‡ Measurements were performed at different times after delivery;

    • §

      ↵§ NS vs. the control population. ‖Women had both GDM and a positive family history of diabetes.

  • Table 2—

    Prevalence of IAAs in women with GDM according to ICA status, as compared with first-degree relatives of subjects with type 1 diabetes

    nPrevalence
    GDM
        ICA+2711%
        ICA−1350.7%
    FDR
        ICA+3410%
        ICA−234%
    • Adapted from Mauricio et al. (3).

  • Table 3—

    Abnormal glucose tolerance at follow-up in women with GDM and DRAs

    AuthorFollow-upICAsIAAsGADAsIA-2AsSeveral DRAs
    Steel et al. (17)1 yearPredictive of type 1 diabetes
    Ginsberg-Fellner et al. (20)YearsPredictive of type 1 diabetes
    Stowers et al. (19)Up to 22 yearsNot predictive of the final state of glucose tolerance
    Catalano et al. (21)Up to 4 yearsPredictive of IGT
    Stangerberg et al. (23)2–4 monthsNot predictive of abnormal OGTT*
    Mauricio et al. (24)MonthsPredictive of diabetes
    Damm et al. (26)Up to 11 yearsPredictive of type 1 diabetes
    Beischer et al. (51)YearsGADAs at follow-up associated with type 1 and type 2 diabetes
    Petersen et al. (52)Up to 11 yearsPredictive of type 1 diabetesPredictive of type 1 diabetesDRA positivity predictive of type 1 diabetes
    Fuchtenbusch et al. (29)Up to 5 yearsPredictive of type 1 diabetes*Predictive of type 1 diabetes*Not predictive of type 1 diabetes*Risk of type 1 diabetes increases with the number of DRAs*
    Panczel et al. (31)Up to 14 yearsPredictive of type 1 diabetes
    Kousta et al. (55)Up to 45 monthsGADAs at follow-up not associated with different FBG or HOMA estimations of insulin secretion and sensitivity
    Weng et al. (56)1 yearNo association with diabetes/IGT
    Lapolla et al. (34)5 yearsDRA positivity, borderline association to type 1 diabetes
    Albareda et al. (35)Up to 11 yearsDRA positivity not predictive of diabetes, type 1 diabetes, or type 2 diabetes*
    Järvelä et al. (37)Up to 7 yearsPredictive of type 1 diabetes*Predictive of type 1 diabetes*Not predictive of type 1 diabetes*Number of DRAs predictive of type 1 diabetes*
    Löbnner et al. (83)Up to 11 yearsGAD and/or IA-2 positivity predictive of diabetes*
    • For groups with several articles on the subject, only articles providing new information on the predictive ability of DRAs are included.

    • *

      ↵* Adjusted for other predictors. FBG, fasting blood glucose; HOMA, homeostasis model assessment; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test.

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Diabetes-Related Autoantibodies and Gestational Diabetes
Alberto de Leiva, Dídac Mauricio, Rosa Corcoy
Diabetes Care Jul 2007, 30 (Supplement 2) S127-S133; DOI: 10.2337/dc07-s204

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Diabetes-Related Autoantibodies and Gestational Diabetes
Alberto de Leiva, Dídac Mauricio, Rosa Corcoy
Diabetes Care Jul 2007, 30 (Supplement 2) S127-S133; DOI: 10.2337/dc07-s204
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    • HETEROGENEITY OF AUTOIMMUNE DIABETES: AN OVERVIEW—
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