Low Birth Weight as a Risk Factor for Gestational Diabetes, Diabetes, and Impaired Glucose Tolerance During Pregnancy
- David J. Pettitt, MD and
- Lois Jovanovic, MD
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to David J. Pettitt, MD, Senior Scientist, Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, 2219 Bath St., Santa Barbara, CA 93105. E-mail: dpettitt{at}sansum.org
Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure l—
Prevalence of GDM in women according to their birth weight (note varying scales on both axes). A: Pima Indians (data from Pettitt and Knowler [14]); B: Norwegian women (data from Egeland et al. [16]); C: African-American women (data from Williams et al. [15]); D: women from New York State (data from Innes et al. [17]).
Tables
- Table 1—
Studies reporting GDM in relation to a woman's own birth weight
Author Population/location Sample size Presentation Findings Pettitt and Knowler (14) Pima Indians Prevalence by birth weight U-shaped association of diabetes prevalence Age 15–24 years 573 15- to 24-year-old group, highest rate in birth weight ≥4.5 kg Age 25–34 years 258 25- to 34-year-old group, highest rate in birth weight <2.5 kg Williams et al. (15) Washington State 41,839 Prevalence by birth weight Non-Hispanic white 21,528 Linear inverse relationship African-American 6,359 U-shaped—significantly higher at <2,000 and ≥4,000 g Native American 7,456 Linear inverse Hispanic 6,496 Linear from <2,000–3,000 g, flat above 3,000 g Egeland et al. (16) Norway: birth registry 138,714 Prevalence by birth weight U-shaped—significantly higher at <2,500 g Innes et al. (17) New York State Birth Registry 1994–1998 23,314 Prevalence by birth weight U-shaped—significant linear inverse trend from <2,000–4,000 g; ≥4,000 g significantly higher Seghieri et al. (18) Pistoia, Italy: women with positive 50-g screen 604 Prevalence by birth weight Significantly higher at birth weight <2,600 g; unrelated at higher birth weights Savona-Ventura and Chircop (19) Malta 324 with GDM Frequency distribution of birth weight Birth weight distribution significantly different from that of the general population; higher at 1,000–2,000 g (risk ratio = 2.8) and at ≥4,500 g (risk ratio = 2.7) Bo et al. (20) Torino, Italy 50 with IGT; 50 with GDM; 200 normal Frequency distribution of birth weight Birth weight distribution among IGT/GDM significantly different from normal; linear inverse among IGT/GDM, flat across quartiles among women with normal OGTT Moses et al. (21) Australia 138 with GDM 2-h glucose by birth size SGA women with GDM had higher 2-h glucose -
IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; SGA, small for gestational age.
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In this Issue
July 2007, 30(Supplement 2)
Low Birth Weight as a Risk Factor for Gestational Diabetes, Diabetes, and Impaired Glucose Tolerance During Pregnancy
