Sustained Effects of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes
Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1
Enrollment and outcome. Of the 70 patients who underwent randomization, 67 completed 13 weeks of anakinra or placebo treatment and were included in the present 39-week follow-up study. Of the former anakinra- and placebo-treated patients, 33 and 31, respectively, completed the study.
- Figure 2
Change in glycemic and inflammatory markers at study end. Data for PI/I ratio (A), A1C (B), C-reactive protein (C), and IL-6 (D) at baseline and end of study (week 52) in patients treated with anakinra (■) or placebo (□) from baseline until week 13. Data are means ± SEM.
- Figure 3
IL-1Ra serum levels and genotypes; A1C and insulin requirements. A: Serum IL-1Ra levels at baseline and end of study (week 52) in patients with (□, responders) or without (■, nonresponders) any reduction in A1C after 13 weeks of anakinra treatment. B: Allele frequencies of allele 2 and C of the VNTR tandem repeat polymorphism in intron 2 and the SNP tagged by rs4251961, respectively, of the IL1-Ra gene in responders (□) and nonresponders (■) to anakinra treatment. C: A1C at baseline (week 0), and 13, 26, 39, and 52 weeks in responders (□) and nonresponders (▲) to anakinra treatment. D: Daily insulin dose at baseline and end of study (week 52) in responders (□) and nonresponders (■) to anakinra treatment. Data are means ± SEM or frequencies where indicated.
- Figure 4
β-Cell function after anakinra withdrawal. β-Cell function assessed by PI/I (A); and AUC for C-peptide during an oral glucose-tolerance test (B); an intravenous stimulation with glucose, glucagon, and arginine (C); and the oral and intravenous test combined (D) at baseline, anakinra withdrawal (week 13), and end of study (week 52) in patients with (□, responders) or without (■, nonresponders) any reduction in A1C after 13 weeks of anakinra treatment. A: *P = 0.041 vs. nonresponders at week 13, †P = 0.435 vs. responders week 52, ‡P = 0.016 vs. nonresponders week 52, and §P = 0.005 vs. nonresponders week 52. B: *P = 0.006 vs. nonresponders at week 13, †P = 0.750 vs. responders week 52, ‡P = 0.021 vs. nonresponders week 52, and §P = 0.008 vs. nonresponders week 52. C: *P = 0.048 vs. nonresponders at week 13, †P = 0.039 vs. responders week 52, ‡P = 0.793 vs. nonresponders week 52, and §P = 0.092 vs. nonresponders week 52. D: *P = 0.025 vs. nonresponders at week 13, †P = 0.947 vs. responders week 52, ‡P = 0.021 vs. nonresponders week 52, and §P = 0.001 vs. nonresponders week 52. Data are means ± SEM.
In this Issue
