Is Pulse Pressure a Predictor of New-Onset Diabetes in High-Risk Hypertensive Patients?
A subanalysis of the Candesartan Antihypertensive Survival Evaluation in Japan (CASE-J) trial
Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1
Risk of new-onset diabetes by SBP and DBP at enrollment. HR of DBP of 90 mmHg in the SBP <160 mmHg category was assigned a reference value of 1.0.
- Figure 2
Effect of candesartan and amlodipine on the incidence of new-onset diabetes stratified by quartile of PPf. PPf (linear and quadratic terms), the allocated drugs, and their interaction terms were entered in multiple Cox regression model. P value was calculated based on the Wald test.
Tables
- Table 1
Baseline characteristics
Total NOD (−) NOD (+) n 2,685 2,588 97 Candesartan* 1,343 (50.0) 1,305 (50.4) 38 (39.2) Prior antihypertensive treatment 1,767 (65.8) 1,702 (65.8) 65 (67.0) Age (years) 63.7 ± 11.1 63.7 ± 11.2 64.9 ± 10.0 Male sex* 1,471 (54.8) 1,406 (54.3) 65 (67.0) BMI (kg/m2)* 24.8 ± 3.6 24.1 ± 3.5 25.2 ± 3.4 SBP (mmHg) 165.0 ± 14.8 165.0 ± 14.8 165.7 ± 16.1 DBP (mmHg)* 94.3 ± 11.3 94.4 ± 11.3 90.5 ± 11.7 Pulse pressure (mmHg)* 70.8 ± 15.8 70.6 ± 15.7 75.2 ± 18.4 Heart rate (beats/min) 71.4 ± 10.9 71.4 ± 10.9 71.2 ± 9.5 Hyperlipidemia 1,178 (43.9) 1,136 (43.9) 42 (43.3) Smoking Never 1,825 (68.0) 1,766 (68.2) 59 (60.8) Ever 273 (10.2) 261 (10.1) 12 (12.4) Current 587 (21.9) 561 (21.7) 26 (26.8) Cerebrovascular disease† 344 (12.8) 330 (12.8) 14 (14.4) LVH* 1,139 (42.4) 1,088 (42.0) 51 (52.6) Ischemic heart disease 393 (14.6) 381 (14.7) 12 (12.3) Proteinuria 548 (20.4) 530 (20.5) 18 (18.6) Renal dysfunction 205 (7.6) 196 (7.6) 9 (9.3) Peripheral vascular disease 37 (1.4) 35 (1.4) 2 (2.1) - Table 2
Predictors of new-onset diabetes by multiple Cox regression analysis
Variables, unit of increase HR (95% CI) P value Pulse pressure, per 1 SD increase 1.44 (1.15−1.79) 0.001 Prior antihypertensive treatment, yes 0.97 (0.61−1.54) 0.901 Allocated drug, candesartan 0.64 (0.42−0.97) 0.037 Sex, male 1.77 (1.07−2.92) 0.026 Age, per 10 years 1.09 (0.87−1.36) 0.460 BMI, per 1 kg/m2 increase 1.11 (1.06−1.17) <0.001 Heart rate, per 1 SD increase 1.01 (0.82−1.23) 0.960 Hyperlipidemia, yes 1.04 (0.68−1.57) 0.867 Smoking Ever 1.03 (0.52−2.04) 0.942 Current 1.22 (0.72−2.06) 0.458 Cerebrovascular disease, yes 1.48 (0.80−2.75) 0.214 LVH, yes 1.75 (1.13−2.72) 0.013 Ischemic heart disease, yes 0.91 (0.47−1.76) 0.777 Renal damage, yes* 1.10 (0.68−1.79) 0.694 Peripheral vascular disease, yes 1.49 (0.36−6.16) 0.581 Additional use of diuretics, yes 2.10 (1.25−3.52) 0.005 Additional use of β-blockers, yes 0.70 (0.40−1.24) 0.226 Additional use of α-blockers, yes 0.63 (0.32−1.24) 0.185 -
Data are HR (95% CI) and are adjusted for each variable.
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↵*Renal damage, proteinuria, and renal dysfunction.
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In this Issue
May 2010, 33(5)
Is Pulse Pressure a Predictor of New-Onset Diabetes in High-Risk Hypertensive Patients?
