Comment on: Polonsky et al. Structured Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose Significantly Reduces A1C Levels in Poorly Controlled, Noninsulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the Structured Testing Program Study. Diabetes Care 2011;34:262–267
We read with interest the article by Polonsky et al. (1) reporting that self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) improves glycemic control in noninsulin-treated type 2 diabetes. In the U.K., SMBG is recommended for insulin-treated diabetes (2), and controversy exists in relation to treatment with lifestyle advice or oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs). A Cochrane review concluded that there is insufficient evidence to support the use of SMBG in noninsulin-treated type 2 diabetes (3). Furthermore, a health technology assessment review suggests that SMBG has limited clinical effectiveness in improving glycemic control in noninsulin-treated type 2 diabetes (4). In view of the widespread use of SMBG, cost implications, and the fact that U.K. management algorithms are based on HbA1c targets (2), clarity is required on the role of SMBG.
We used the SAIL (Secure Anonymised Information Linkage) databank (5) to examine glucose strip prescribing in relation to HbA1c in groups treated with diet, OHAs, and insulin. SAIL contains patient data from 35 primary care systems for the Swansea area (n = 250,086). We examined the diabetes population aged 18–70 years with an HbA1c performed between January 2006 and January 2008 (n = 6,223) who were prescribed testing strips within the previous 6 months (n = 1,674 with 4,608 prescriptions). The number of glucose strips issued per patient in the past 6 months were grouped by diabetes therapy (insulin, OHAs, diet) and HbA1c (<6%, 6.0–7.9%, 8.0–9.9%, ≥10.0%). Median and interquartile ranges are described.
We observed that strip prescribing for the diet and OHAs groups was similar, and as expected, insulin was associated with greater prescribing. Of the 1,674 patients, 25% (414) were treated with insulin, 58% (970) with oral agents, and 17% (286) with diet alone. For the insulin group, there was a reverse association between the HbA1c group (<6%, 6.0–7.9%, 8.0–9.9%, ≥10.0%) and strip use (300 [50–350], 250 [100–400], 200 [100–400], 100 [51–204]), P = 0.01. In the OHAs group, the respective values were 50 (50–150), 100 (50–100), 100 (50–200), 100 (50–177), P < 0.01. No clear pattern was seen in the diet group.
In those treated with insulin, better HbA1c was associated with greater strip prescribing. Conversely, for those treated with OHAs, greater strip prescribing was associated with a worse HbA1c. There are limitations in our study that need to be highlighted. Firstly, this is an observational study; however, it is reflective of current local practice. Secondly, we examined strip prescribing over a 6-month period, and this does not equate to actual SMBG. Nevertheless, our study in routine clinical care is in line with previous prospective studies and clinical trials (3,4) and different to that described by Polonsky et al. (1).
Acknowledgments
No potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.
J.W.S. researched data, contributed to discussion, wrote the manuscript, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. J.E.C. contributed to discussion and wrote the manuscript. C.J.B. researched data. R.A.L. researched data and review and edited the manuscript. D.V.F. researched data and reviewed and edited the manuscript. D.E.P. reviewed and edited the manuscript and contributed to discussion. S.C.B. contributed to discussion and reviewed and edited the manuscript.
Parts of this study were presented in poster form at the Annual Professional Conference of Diabetes UK, Liverpool, England, 3–5 March 2010.
- © 2011 by the American Diabetes Association.
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