The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study at 30 Years: Summary and Future Directions

The DCCT/EDIC core investigations have been the center of a diverse array of supplemental studies and collaborations over the past 30 years. The black circle denotes the major outcomes (i.e., retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular disease) studied during the DCCT (1983–1993) and throughout EDIC (1994–present). Extending from these core investigations, a multitude of supplemental studies have been performed, starting from 1990–2005, the late DCCT/early EDIC period; continuing with 2006–2013, the first EDIC extension period; and expanding to 2013–forward, the current extension of EDIC. Family genetics study, first-degree relative genetic studies (12); CVD-CAC, coronary calcium CT scan (13); CVD-NMR lipid, lipid studies (14); URO-EDIC 1, study of urological dysfunction (15); CVD-IMT, carotid ultrasounds (16–18); AGEs, advanced glycation end products (19); cognitive function, neurocognition testing (20–22); CAN, cardiac autonomic neuropathy testing (23); cardiac MRI, enhanced cardiac MRI (11); dermal AGEs, dermal advanced glycation end product study (24,25); retention, participant retention study (26); glycated albumin measurements (27,28); haptoglobin levels (29); cardiovascular biomarkers; epigenetics; mobility, joint mobility; and URO-EDIC 2, repeat study of urological dysfunction.