The Risk of Type 1 Diabetes Among Offspring of Immigrant Mothers in Relation to the Duration of Residency in Sweden

Hozan Ismael Hussen; Tahereh Moradi; Martina Persson

doi:10.2337/dc14-2348

Novel Communications in Diabetes

The Risk of Type 1 Diabetes Among Offspring of Immigrant Mothers in Relation to the Duration of Residency in Sweden

Hozan Ismael Hussen¹,
Tahereh Moradi¹,² and
Martina Persson³ ⇑

¹Department of Environmental Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
²Centre for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
³Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

Corresponding author: Martina Persson, martina.persson{at}ki.se.

Diabetes Care 2015 May; 38(5): 934-936. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc14-2348

Article Figures & Tables

Tables

Table 1

IRR and 95% CI of T1DM among children and young adults (aged 0–18 years) born in Sweden between years 1992 and 2004 and followed until 2009 by maternal duration of residence in Sweden before the child’s birth and parental country of birth

	IRR^* (95% CI)				IRR^** (95% CI)
	Duration of residence of mothers before child’s birth				Duration of residence of mothers before child’s birth
	0–5 years	6–10 years	≥11 years	Swedes	0–5 years	6–10 years	≥11 years	Swedes
Parental migration status
Foreign born vs. Swedes^†	0.54 (0.47–0.63)	0.69 (0.56–0.84)	0.71 (0.61–0.83)	1	0.55 (0.48–0.64)	0.69 (0.57–0.85)	0.71 (0.62–0.83)	1
Foreign born^††	0.77 (0.62–0.94)	0.98 (0.76–1.25)	1		0.78 (0.63–0.96)	0.96 (0.75–1.24)	1
East African vs. Swedes^†	1.03 (0.72–1.46)	1.39 (0.86–2.24)	2.34 (1.30–4.24)	1	1.00 (0.70–1.42)	1.32 (0.82–2.14)	2.27 (1.25–4.10)	1
East African^††	0.36 (0.17–0.75)	0.48 (0.21–1.09)	1		0.39 (0.17–0.86)	0.49 (0.21–1.12)	1
Other Nordic vs. Sweden^†	0.85 (0.54–1.33)	1.11 (0.69–1.78)	1.07 (0.87–1.32)	1	0.88 (0.56–1.38)	1.13 (0.70–1.81)	1.08 (0.88–1.33)	1
Other Nordic^††	1.11 (0.43–2.86)	1.34 (0.44–4.04)	1		0.94 (0.34–2.55)	1.22 (0.40–3.75)	1

The study base comprised 1,263,358 individuals. Exclusions: infants delivered before 28th or after 43rd completed weeks of gestation, from multiple births, with any congenital malformation, individuals with missing data on gestational age, missing data on birth weight, infants with a birth weight ± 6 standard deviations from the mean, records with missing or extreme data on maternal height, weight, and age, and women with invalid immigration. The final cohort comprised 984,798 eligible individuals.
↵* Adjusted for child’s age at follow-up.
↵** Adjusted for maternal age, maternal BMI, smoking at enrollment, parental education, parity, preeclampsia, and child’s sex and age at follow-up.
↵† Swedes as a reference.
↵†† Longest duration of stay as a reference.