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Epidemiology/Health Services Research

Circulating and Dietary Trans Fatty Acids and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study

  1. Qianyi Wang1⇑,
  2. Fumiaki Imamura2,
  3. Wenjie Ma1,
  4. Molin Wang3,
  5. Rozenn N. Lemaitre4,
  6. Irena B. King5,
  7. Xiaoling Song6,
  8. Mary L. Biggs7,
  9. Joseph A. Delaney8,
  10. Kenneth J. Mukamal9,
  11. Luc Djousse10,11,
  12. David S. Siscovick12 and
  13. Dariush Mozaffarian1,13
  1. 1Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
  2. 2Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, U.K.
  3. 3Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
  4. 4Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
  5. 5Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
  6. 6Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
  7. 7Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
  8. 8Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
  9. 9Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
  10. 10Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
  11. 11Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA
  12. 12New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY
  13. 13Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
  1. Corresponding author: Qianyi Wang, qiw586{at}mail.harvard.edu.
Diabetes Care 2015 Jun; 38(6): 1099-1107. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc14-2101
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of trans fatty acids (TFAs) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) by specific TFA subtype or method of assessment.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the Cardiovascular Health Study, plasma phospholipid trans (t)-16:1n9, t-18:1, and cis (c)/t-, t/c-, and t/t-18:2 were measured in blood drawn from 2,919 adults aged 74 ± 5 years and free of prevalent DM in 1992. Dietary TFA was estimated among 4,207 adults free of prevalent DM when dietary questionnaires were initially administered in 1989 or 1996. Incident DM was defined through 2010 by medication use or blood glucose levels. Risks were assessed by Cox proportional hazards.

RESULTS In biomarker analyses, 287 DM cases occurred during 30,825 person-years. Both t-16:1n9 (extreme quartile hazard ratio 1.59 [95% CI 1.04–2.42], P-trend = 0.04) and t-18:1 (1.91 [1.20–3.03], P-trend = 0.01) levels were associated with higher incident DM after adjustment for de novo lipogenesis fatty acids. In dietary analyses, 407 DM cases occurred during 50,105 person-years. Incident DM was positively associated with consumption of total TFAs (1.38 [1.03–1.86], P-trend = 0.02), t-18:1 (1.32 [1.00–1.76], P-trend = 0.04), and t-18:2 (1.41 [1.05–1.89], P-trend = 0.02). After further adjustment for other dietary habits, however, the associations of estimated dietary TFA with DM were attenuated, and only nonsignificant positive trends remained.

CONCLUSIONS Among older adults, plasma phospholipid t-16:1n9 and t-18:1 levels were positively related to DM after adjustment for de novo lipogenesis fatty acids. Estimated dietary TFA was not significantly associated with DM. These findings highlight the need for further observational, interventional, and experimental studies of the effects TFA on DM.

Footnotes

  • This article contains Supplementary Data online at http://care.diabetesjournals.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.2337/dc14-2101/-/DC1.

  • Received September 3, 2014.
  • Accepted March 1, 2015.
  • © 2015 by the American Diabetes Association. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered.
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Diabetes Care: 38 (6)

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June 2015, 38(6)
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Circulating and Dietary Trans Fatty Acids and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Qianyi Wang, Fumiaki Imamura, Wenjie Ma, Molin Wang, Rozenn N. Lemaitre, Irena B. King, Xiaoling Song, Mary L. Biggs, Joseph A. Delaney, Kenneth J. Mukamal, Luc Djousse, David S. Siscovick, Dariush Mozaffarian
Diabetes Care Jun 2015, 38 (6) 1099-1107; DOI: 10.2337/dc14-2101

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Circulating and Dietary Trans Fatty Acids and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Qianyi Wang, Fumiaki Imamura, Wenjie Ma, Molin Wang, Rozenn N. Lemaitre, Irena B. King, Xiaoling Song, Mary L. Biggs, Joseph A. Delaney, Kenneth J. Mukamal, Luc Djousse, David S. Siscovick, Dariush Mozaffarian
Diabetes Care Jun 2015, 38 (6) 1099-1107; DOI: 10.2337/dc14-2101
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