TCF7L2 Genetic Variants Contribute to Phenotypic Heterogeneity of Type 1 Diabetes
Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1
Forest plot representing the influence of the shown measures on the likelihood of having single (vs. multiple) autoantibody positivity at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D dx) from a multivariable logistic regression model. Results shown are the corresponding ORs and 95% CIs. ORs >1 reflect higher relative likelihood of being single autoantibody–positive at diagnosis, and ORs <1 reflect a lower relative likelihood (lower odds) of having a single autoantibody (i.e., higher relative odds of being multiple autoantibody–positive at diagnosis).
- Figure 2
Forest plot representing the influence of the shown measures on the mean log-transformed AUC for C-peptide at type 1 diabetes diagnosis (T1D dx) based on a multivariable generalized linear regression model. Parameter estimates are the estimated regression coefficients from the model. Estimates <0 indicate a negative relationship with the log-transformed mean AUC for C-peptide levels, and estimates >0 indicate a positive relationship with the log-transformed mean AUC for C-peptide levels. Ab+, autoantibody-positive.
- Figure 3
Forest plot representing the influence of the shown measures on mean log-transformed AUC glucose at type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnosis (dx) based on a multivariable generalized linear regression model. Parameter estimates are the estimated regression coefficients from the model. Estimates <0 indicate a negative relationship with the log-transformed mean AUC for glucose levels, and estimates >0 indicate a positive relationship with the log-transformed mean AUC for glucose levels. Ab+, autoantibody-positive.
Tables
- Table 1
Characteristics of study subjects (n = 810)
Age at T1D diagnosis Median (range), years 13.6 (3.3–58.6) <18 years 584 (72) ≥18 years 226 (28) Sex Female 363 (45) Male 444 (55) Not reported (n) 3 Race Nonwhite 56 (7) White 744 (93) Missing/unknown (n) 10 Ethnicity Hispanic or Latino 76 (9.5) Not Hispanic or Latino 724 (90.5) Missing/unknown (n) 10 BMI z-score at diagnosis Median (range) 0.49 (−2.8 to 3.1) Normal/underweight 644 (81.1) Overweight/obese 150 (18.9) Missing (n) 16 Positive islet autoantibodies at diagnosis (n) 1 119 (14.7) 2 192 (23.7) 3 276 (34.1) 4 202 (24.9) 5 21 (2.6) Single 119 (14.7) Multiple (≥2) 691 (85.3) HLA DR3/DR4-DQ8† No 648 (82.4) Yes 138 (17.6) Missing (n) 24 HLA DR3 and/or DR4-DQ8† No 200 (25.4) Yes 586 (74.6) Missing (n) 24 Fasting glucose Median (range), mmol/L 5.89 (3–16.06) Missing (n) 25 Mean AUC glucose Median (range), mmol/L 9.29 (4.76–18.71) Missing (n) 23 Fasting C-peptide Median (range), nmol/L 0.36 (0.02–3.53) Missing (n) 27 Mean AUC C-peptide Median (range), nmol/L 0.69 (0.01–2.70) Missing (n) 51 rs4506565_T: minor allele distribution 0 408 (50.4) 1 341 (42.1) 2 61 (7.5) Carrier of minor allele 402 (49.6) Homozygous for minor allele 61 (7.5) Data are presented as n (%) except where noted otherwise. T1D, type 1 diabetes.
↵†Note that DR3 was defined as HLA DRB1*0301, DQA1*0501, DQB1*0201, and DR4-DQ8 was defined as HLA DRB1*0401, *0402, or *0405, DQA1*0301, DQB1*0302.
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