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Clinical Care/Education/Nutrition/Psychosocial Research

Genetic Prediction of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Calcium, and Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Relation to Development of Type 2 Diabetes: A Mendelian Randomization Study

  1. Shuai Yuan1,2,
  2. Xia Jiang3,4,
  3. Karl Michaëlsson1 and
  4. Susanna C. Larsson1,2⇑
  1. 1Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
  2. 2Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  3. 3Unit of Translational Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  4. 4Department of Epidemiology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA
  1. Corresponding author: Susanna C. Larsson, susanna.larsson{at}surgsci.uu.se
Diabetes Care 2019 Dec; 42(12): 2197-2203. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-1247
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE We conducted a Mendelian randomization study to investigate the associations of genetically predicted serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25OHD), calcium (S-Ca), and parathyroid hormone (S-PTH) levels with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Seven, six, and five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with S-25OHD, S-Ca, and S-PTH levels, respectively, were used as instrumental variables. Data on T2DM were available for 74,124 case subjects with T2DM and 824,006 control subjects. The inverse variance–weighted method was used for the primary analyses, and the weighted median and Mendelian randomization (MR)–Egger methods were used for supplementary analyses.

RESULTS Genetically predicted S-25OHD but not S-Ca and S-PTH levels were associated with T2DM in the primary analyses. For 1 SD increment of S-25OHD levels, the odds ratio (OR) of T2DM was 0.94 (95% CI 0.88–0.99; P = 0.029) in an analysis based on all seven SNPs and 0.90 (95% CI 0.83–0.98; P = 0.011) in an analysis based on three SNPs within or near genes involved in vitamin D synthesis. Only the association based on the SNPs involved in vitamin D synthesis remained in the weighted median analysis, and no pleiotropy was detected (P = 0.153). Pleiotropy was detected in the analysis of S-Ca (P = 0.013). After correcting for this bias using MR-Egger regression, the OR of T2DM per 1 SD increment of S-Ca levels was 1.41 (95% CI 1.12–1.77; P = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS Modest lifelong higher S-25OHD levels were associated with reduced odds of T2DM, but the association was only robust for SNPs in the vitamin D synthesis pathway. The possible role of S-Ca levels for T2DM development requires further research.

Footnotes

  • This article contains Supplementary Data online at http://care.diabetesjournals.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.2337/dc19-1247/-/DC1.

  • Received June 25, 2019.
  • Accepted September 2, 2019.
  • © 2019 by the American Diabetes Association.
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Diabetes Care: 42 (12)

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December 2019, 42(12)
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Genetic Prediction of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Calcium, and Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Relation to Development of Type 2 Diabetes: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Shuai Yuan, Xia Jiang, Karl Michaëlsson, Susanna C. Larsson
Diabetes Care Dec 2019, 42 (12) 2197-2203; DOI: 10.2337/dc19-1247

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Genetic Prediction of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Calcium, and Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Relation to Development of Type 2 Diabetes: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Shuai Yuan, Xia Jiang, Karl Michaëlsson, Susanna C. Larsson
Diabetes Care Dec 2019, 42 (12) 2197-2203; DOI: 10.2337/dc19-1247
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© 2019 by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care Print ISSN: 0149-5992, Online ISSN: 1935-5548.