Is Coronary Artery Disease Inevitable in Type 2 Diabetes? From a Glucocentric to a Holistic View on Patient Management
- Giulia Ferrannini,
- Anna Norhammar,
- Viveca Gyberg,
- Linda Mellbin and
- Lars Rydén⇑
- Corresponding author: Lars Rydén, lars.ryden{at}ki.se
Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1
Kaplan-Meier curves. A: The GAMI trial showing time to a first major adverse cardiovascular event (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and severe heart failure) in patients by glucose tolerance group (normal glucose tolerance [NGT], blue; IGT, brown; diabetes [DM], pink) (log-rank overall P = 0.0046). Reprinted with permission from Ritsinger et al. (33). B: The Yorkshire study showing time to a first major adverse cardiovascular event. Reprinted with permission from George et al. (34).
- Figure 2
Trend in 1-year mortality in Swedish patients with myocardial infarction in relation to the presence of diabetes or not. All ages 1995–2018. Reprinted with permission from SWEDEHEART (40).
- Figure 3
Progression of dysglycemia in relation to macro- and microvascular complications. Adapted with permission from Laakso and Kuusisto (41).
- Figure 4
A schematic presentation of possible pathways between type 2 diabetes and enhanced risk of cardiovascular disease. AGE, advanced glycoxidation end product; Apo, apolipoprotein; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ET-1, endothelin-1; FFAs, free fatty acids; GH, growth hormone; IGFBP, IGF binding protein; IL, interleukin; lig, ligand; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; mol., molecule; NO, nitrogen oxide; oxLDL, oxidized LDL; PAF, platelet-activating factor; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; tPA, tissue plasminogen activator; vWF, von Willebrand factor.
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