Abstract
Aim: Evaluate the effects of two low fat hypocaloric diets differing in carbohydrate:protein ratio, with and without resistance training (RT), on weight loss, body composition and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk outcomes in overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Methods: 83 men/women with T2D (age:56.1±7.5yrs, BMI:35.4±4.6kg/m2) were randomly assigned to an isocaloric, energy restricted diet (females:6 MJ/day, males:7 MJ/day) of either standard carbohydrate (CON; carbohydrate:protein:fat, 53:19:26) or high protein (HP; 43:33:22), with or without supervised RT (3d/wk) for 16-wks. Body weight and composition, waist circumference (WC) and cardiometabolic risk markers were assessed.
Results: 59 participants completed the study. There was a significant group effect (P≤0.04) for body weight, fat mass and WC with greatest reductions in HP+RT; weight (CON:-8.6±4.6kg, HP:-9.0±4.8kg, CON+RT:-10.5±5.1kg, HP+RT:-13.8±6.0kg), fat mass (CON:-6.4±3.4kg, HP:-6.7±4.0kg, CON+RT:-7.9±3.7kg, HP+RT:-11.1±3.7kg), WC (CON:-8.2±4.6cm, HP:-8.9±3.9cm, CON+RT:-11.3±4.6cm, HP+RT:-13.7±4.6cm). There was an overall reduction (P<0.001) in fat-free mass:-2.0±2.3kg, blood pressure:-15/8±10/6mmHg, glucose:-2.1±2.2 mmol/L, insulin:-4.7±5.4mU/L, HbA1c:-1.25±0.94%, triglycerides:-0.47±0.81mmol/L, total cholesterol:-0.67±0.69 mmol/L and LDL-cholesterol:-0.37±0.53 mmol/L, with no difference between groups (P≥0.17).
Conclusion: An energy restricted HP diet combined with RT achieved greater weight loss and more favourable changes in body composition. All treatments had similar improvements in glycemic control and CVD risk markers.
Footnotes
- Received October 26, 2009.
- Accepted January 29, 2010.
- Copyright © American Diabetes Association