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Original Research
Preventable Major Cardiovascular Events Associated With Uncontrolled Glucose, Blood Pressure, Lipids, and Active Smoking in Adults With Diabetes With and Without Cardiovascular Disease: A Contemporary Analysis
Gabriela Vazquez-Benitez, Jay R. Desai, Stanley Xu, Glenn K. Goodrich, Emily B. Schroeder, Gregory A. Nichols, Jodi Segal, Melissa G. Butler, Andrew J. Karter, John F. Steiner, Katherine M. Newton, Leo S. Morales, Ram D. Pathak, Abraham Thomas, Kristi Reynolds, H. Lester Kirchner, Beth Waitzfelder, Jennifer Elston Lafata, Renuka Adibhatla, Zhiyuan Xu, Patrick J. O’Connor
Diabetes Care 2015 Mar; dc141877. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc14-1877
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the incidence of major cardiovascular (CV) hospitalization events and all-cause deaths among adults with diabetes with or without CV disease (CVD) associated with inadequately controlled glycated hemoglobin (A1C), high LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), high blood pressure (BP), and current smoking.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Study subjects included 859,617 adults with diabetes enrolled for more than 6 months during 2005–2011 in a network of 11 U.S. integrated health care organizations. Inadequate risk factor control was classified as LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL, A1C ≥7% (53 mmol/mol), BP ≥140/90 mm Hg, or smoking. Major CV events were based on primary hospital discharge diagnoses for myocardial infarction (MI) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS), stroke, or heart failure (HF). Five-year incidence rates, rate ratios, and average attributable fractions were estimated using multivariable Poisson regression models.

RESULTS Mean (SD) age at baseline was 59 (14) years; 48% of subjects were female, 45% were white, and 31% had CVD. Mean follow-up was 59 months. Event rates per 100 person-years for adults with diabetes and CVD versus those without CVD were 6.0 vs. 1.7 for MI/ACS, 5.3 vs. 1.5 for stroke, 8.4 vs. 1.2 for HF, 18.1 vs. 40 for all CV events, and 23.5 vs. 5.0 for all-cause mortality. The percentages of CV events and deaths associated with inadequate risk factor control were 11% and 3%, respectively, for those with CVD and 34% and 7%, respectively, for those without CVD.

CONCLUSIONS Additional attention to traditional CV risk factors could yield further substantive reductions in CV events and mortality in adults with diabetes.

  • Received August 4, 2014.
  • Accepted January 28, 2015.
  • © 2015 by the American Diabetes Association. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered.
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Preventable Major Cardiovascular Events Associated With Uncontrolled Glucose, Blood Pressure, Lipids, and Active Smoking in Adults With Diabetes With and Without Cardiovascular Disease: A Contemporary Analysis
Gabriela Vazquez-Benitez, Jay R. Desai, Stanley Xu, Glenn K. Goodrich, Emily B. Schroeder, Gregory A. Nichols, Jodi Segal, Melissa G. Butler, Andrew J. Karter, John F. Steiner, Katherine M. Newton, Leo S. Morales, Ram D. Pathak, Abraham Thomas, Kristi Reynolds, H. Lester Kirchner, Beth Waitzfelder, Jennifer Elston Lafata, Renuka Adibhatla, Zhiyuan Xu, Patrick J. O’Connor
Diabetes Care Mar 2015, dc141877; DOI: 10.2337/dc14-1877

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Preventable Major Cardiovascular Events Associated With Uncontrolled Glucose, Blood Pressure, Lipids, and Active Smoking in Adults With Diabetes With and Without Cardiovascular Disease: A Contemporary Analysis
Gabriela Vazquez-Benitez, Jay R. Desai, Stanley Xu, Glenn K. Goodrich, Emily B. Schroeder, Gregory A. Nichols, Jodi Segal, Melissa G. Butler, Andrew J. Karter, John F. Steiner, Katherine M. Newton, Leo S. Morales, Ram D. Pathak, Abraham Thomas, Kristi Reynolds, H. Lester Kirchner, Beth Waitzfelder, Jennifer Elston Lafata, Renuka Adibhatla, Zhiyuan Xu, Patrick J. O’Connor
Diabetes Care Mar 2015, dc141877; DOI: 10.2337/dc14-1877
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© 2021 by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care Print ISSN: 0149-5992, Online ISSN: 1935-5548.